Introduction: attention disorders are associated with psychoactive substance use disorders; both are correlated to an increase in driving disability and consequently in road accidents. Purpose: the aim of the study is to investigate the presence of possible alterations in the dimensions of attention in a population of subjects found driving under the influence of psychoactive substances (DUI). Materials and methods: this is a case control study conducted on DUI subjects (cases) compared with subjects negative for driving offenses (controls). Circumstantial, socio-demographic and clinical-documentary data were collected for cases and controls, where available. Recruited subjects were also subjected to the CPT 3 test, a continuous performance test that evaluates the dimensions of attention (inattentiveness, impulsivity, sustained attention, vigilance) and the subject's probability of having attention deficit disorder. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the sample; the possible predictors of each parameter of the CPT 3 test were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Results: the sample encompassed 94 subjects (47 cases, 47 controls). Inattentiveness and the likelihood of having attention deficit disorder resulted significantly different between cases and controls with education playing a protective role against unsatisfactory performance on the test. DUI subjects with a BAC >1.5 g/L compared with subject with a BAC <1.5 g/L and the rest of the sample differed respectively for impulsivity (p=0,038) and sustained attention (p=0,031). Involvement in a road accident and recidivism were not associated with alterations of the CPT 3 test. Conclusions: this study suggests the existence of alterations in some dimensions of attention in DUI subjects. Subjects with a BAC>1.5 g/L have a worse test performance for the dimensions called sustained attention and impulsivity. The results of this work, if confirmed in future studies with a larger sample size, could suggest the usefulness of the proposed methodological approach. Specifically, preventive, rehabilitative and monitoring strategies could be developed based on the methodological approach in the subject examined for driving license regranting or issuing.
Introduzione: i disturbi dell’attenzione si associano a disturbi da uso di sostanze psicoattive; entrambi sono correlati ad un incremento della disabilità alla guida e conseguentemente alla sinistrosità stradale. Scopo: il presente studio è finalizzato ad indagare la presenza di eventuali alterazioni delle dimensioni dell’attenzione in una popolazione di soggetti con pregressa contestazione di guida sotto l’influenza di sostanze psicoattive. Materiali e metodi: trattasi di studio osservazionale caso controllo condotto su soggetti con pregressa contestazione di guida in stato di ebbrezza e/o guida sotto l’influenza di sostanze psicoattive (casi) confrontati con soggetti con anamnesi negativa per problematiche correlate alla guida (controlli). Sono stati raccolti per i casi e i controlli, ove disponibili, dati circostanziali, sociodemografici e clinico-documentali. I soggetti che hanno aderito allo studio sono stati inoltre sottoposti al test CPT 3, un test di performance continuo che valuta le dimensioni dell’attenzione (inattentiveness, impulsivity, sustained attention, vigilance) e la probabilità del soggetto di avere un deficit dell’attenzione. È stata condotta un’analisi statistica descrittiva sul campione; i possibili predittori di ciascun parametro del test CPT 3 sono stati valutati quindi mediante analisi di regressione logistica. Risultati: il campione è costituito da 94 soggetti (47 casi, 47 controlli); l’analisi evidenzia una differenza significativa tra i due gruppi per i parametri inattentiveness e probabilità di un disturbo dell’attenzione (p<0,05), con scolarità elevata svolgente un ruolo protettivo rispetto ad una performance globale al test non soddisfacente. I casi con alcolemia > di 1,5 g/L alla contestazione differiscono significativamente per le dimensioni denominate impulsivity (p=0,038) e sustained attention (p=0,031) se comparati rispettivamente a soggetti con alcolemia < di 1,5 e restante parte del campione complessivo. Il coinvolgimento in un sinistro stradale e il recidivismo non si associano ad alterazioni del test CPT 3. Conclusioni: il seguente elaborato suggerisce la sussistenza di alterazioni di alcune dimensioni dell’attenzione in una popolazione di soggetti con guida in stato di ebbrezza o in stato di alterazione psicofisica da sostanze stupefacenti. I soggetti con alcolemia superiore a 1,5 g/L hanno in particolare una performance al test peggiore per le dimensioni denominate sustained attention e impulsivity. I risultati, se confermati in una casistica più ampia in studi futuri, potrebbero suggerire l’utilità dell’approccio metodologico adottato in chiave preventiva/-riabilitativa/di monitoraggio di soggetti valutati per il possesso dei requisiti di idoneità alla guida.
Disabilità alla guida da sostanze psicoattive e disturbo da deficit dell’attenzione: studio pilota
MARINO, LAURA
2021/2022
Abstract
Introduction: attention disorders are associated with psychoactive substance use disorders; both are correlated to an increase in driving disability and consequently in road accidents. Purpose: the aim of the study is to investigate the presence of possible alterations in the dimensions of attention in a population of subjects found driving under the influence of psychoactive substances (DUI). Materials and methods: this is a case control study conducted on DUI subjects (cases) compared with subjects negative for driving offenses (controls). Circumstantial, socio-demographic and clinical-documentary data were collected for cases and controls, where available. Recruited subjects were also subjected to the CPT 3 test, a continuous performance test that evaluates the dimensions of attention (inattentiveness, impulsivity, sustained attention, vigilance) and the subject's probability of having attention deficit disorder. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the sample; the possible predictors of each parameter of the CPT 3 test were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Results: the sample encompassed 94 subjects (47 cases, 47 controls). Inattentiveness and the likelihood of having attention deficit disorder resulted significantly different between cases and controls with education playing a protective role against unsatisfactory performance on the test. DUI subjects with a BAC >1.5 g/L compared with subject with a BAC <1.5 g/L and the rest of the sample differed respectively for impulsivity (p=0,038) and sustained attention (p=0,031). Involvement in a road accident and recidivism were not associated with alterations of the CPT 3 test. Conclusions: this study suggests the existence of alterations in some dimensions of attention in DUI subjects. Subjects with a BAC>1.5 g/L have a worse test performance for the dimensions called sustained attention and impulsivity. The results of this work, if confirmed in future studies with a larger sample size, could suggest the usefulness of the proposed methodological approach. Specifically, preventive, rehabilitative and monitoring strategies could be developed based on the methodological approach in the subject examined for driving license regranting or issuing.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/40981