A historical reconstruction of the legal debate on issues inherent to the right of bourgeois resistance as opposed to the State monopoly of the use of force is outlined within the paper. The commitment is to deepen, through the reconstruction of the social split in Italy in the early twentieth century (from the riots in Milan in 1898 to the constitution of the PNF in 1921), the bourgeois sentiment of social justice, also through the use of firearms . This sentiment was initially directed against criminals and criminals, then against peasant and worker wage claims and, finally, against Bolshevism. The political crisis, generated by the uncertainty of the late nineteenth century and by the contradictions of a government response judged to be ineffective, had in fact produced a strong anti-popular reaction of the bourgeoisie towards the popular masses: ways of conceiving as legitimate the defense of the property and bourgeois freedoms, in the absence of State protection. These bourgeois reactions are considered real premises of fascism: in fact, this path will lead the squadristi to break the state monopoly of force in the post-war period by legitimizing their violence.
All’interno dell’elaborato viene delineata una ricostruzione storica del dibattito giuridico sulle tematiche inerenti il diritto di resistenza borghese contrapposto al monopolio statale dell’uso della forza. L’impegno è quella di approfondire, attraverso la ricostruzione della spaccatura sociale nell’Italia di inizio Novecento (dai moti di Milano del 1898 alla costituzione del PNF del 1921), il sentimento borghese di giustizia sociale, anche attraverso l’uso di armi da fuoco. Tale sentimento era rivolto inizialmente contro malviventi e delinquenti, poi contro le rivendicazioni salariali contadine e operaie e, infine, contro il bolscevismo. La crisi politica, generata dall’incertezza di fine Ottocento e dalle contraddizioni di una risposta governativa giudicata inefficace, aveva prodotto, infatti, una forte reazione antipopolare della borghesia verso le masse popolari: si iniziavano a palesare dei modi di concepire come legittima la difesa della proprietà e delle libertà borghesi, in assenza di protezione da parte dello Stato. Queste reazioni borghesi sono considerate delle vere e proprie premesse di fascismo: infatti, questo percorso porterà nel dopoguerra gli squadristi a rompere il monopolio statale della forza attraverso una legittimazione delle loro violenze.
La borghesia contro lo Stato. La perdita del monopolio statale della forza: dalla crisi dell'Italia liberale all'avvento del fascismo.
ANELLI, MANUEL
2021/2022
Abstract
A historical reconstruction of the legal debate on issues inherent to the right of bourgeois resistance as opposed to the State monopoly of the use of force is outlined within the paper. The commitment is to deepen, through the reconstruction of the social split in Italy in the early twentieth century (from the riots in Milan in 1898 to the constitution of the PNF in 1921), the bourgeois sentiment of social justice, also through the use of firearms . This sentiment was initially directed against criminals and criminals, then against peasant and worker wage claims and, finally, against Bolshevism. The political crisis, generated by the uncertainty of the late nineteenth century and by the contradictions of a government response judged to be ineffective, had in fact produced a strong anti-popular reaction of the bourgeoisie towards the popular masses: ways of conceiving as legitimate the defense of the property and bourgeois freedoms, in the absence of State protection. These bourgeois reactions are considered real premises of fascism: in fact, this path will lead the squadristi to break the state monopoly of force in the post-war period by legitimizing their violence.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/41312