About 80% of breast cancers are hormone-dependent and defined as Luminal A and Luminal B tumors. Although anti-hormonal therapy remains the mainline treatment, most of them do not respond or become resistant to the therapy. Recently, epigenome remodeling has been shown to be a key mechanism underlying endocrine resistance in hormone-dependent breast cancers. Interestingly, a subgroup of Luminal-B tumours is found hypermethylated. The Calcinotto lab has previously identified a novel subset of neutrophils defined Neutrophil Progenitors (NePs) specifically enriched in patients affected by Luminal B tumors able to increase genomic instability and resistance to endocrine therapy. The well-established dependency of cancer cells on the tumour microenvironment suggests that the non-cancer-cell component of the tumour may have an important role in the epigenome remodeling of breast cancer cells. My thesis project aims to define whether tumor-infiltrating NePs through their secretome could induce endocrine resistance in breast cancers by inducing epigenetic reprogramming in the tumour cells. We confirmed that the secretome of NePs induces endocrine resistance in vitro and directly promotes epigenetic reprogramming in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Specifically, through this mechanism, we identify that the secretome of NePs induces downregulation of GREB1, an important gene known to regulate endocrine therapy resistance. Hence, preliminary data show that the secretome of NePs can imprint epigenetic modifications to the tumor cells by favoring resistance to endocrine therapies in hormone-dependent breast cancers.
Circa l’80% dei tumori al seno sono ormone dipendenti e sono definiti come tumori Luminali A e Luminali B. Sebbene la terapia anti-ormonale sia lo standard terapeutico, la maggior parte dei tumori non risponde o diventa resistente alla terapia. Recentemente, si è visto che il rimodellamento epigenetico è un meccanismo chiave alla base della resistenza alla terapia endocrina nei tumori al seno ormone dipendenti. Degno di nota il fatto che un sottogruppo di tumori Luminali B è stato trovato come ipermetilato. Nel laboratorio Calcinotto è stata identificata una nuova sottopopolazione di neutrofili definita Neutrophil Progenitors (NePs), maggiormente presente nelle pazienti affette da tumore Luminale B, ed in grado di incrementare l’instabilità genomica e di causare resistenza alla terapia endocrina. La ben documentata dipendenza delle cellule tumorali dal microambiente tumorale suggerisce che la componente di cellule non tumorali del tumore potrebbe avere un ruolo importante nel rimodellamento epigenetico delle cellule del tumore al seno. Il mio progetto di tesi mira a definire se i NePs che infiltrano i tumori, tramite il loro secretoma, possono indurre resistenza alla terapia endocrina nei tumori al seno inducendo riprogrammazione epigenetica nelle cellule tumorali. Abbiamo confermato che il secretoma dei NePs induce in vitro resistenza alla terapia endocrina e promuove direttamente riprogrammazione epigenetica nelle cellule di tumore al seno umane MCF-7. Nello specifico abbiamo identificato una down-regolazione di GREB1, un gene importante e noto per la regolazione della resistenza alla terapia endocrina. I dati preliminari mostrano che il secretoma dei NePs può indurre resistenza alla terapia endocrina nelle cellule del tumore al seno ormone dipendente tramite regolazione epigenetica.
Le cellule mieloidi inducono riprogrammazione epigenetica tumorale che favorisce la resistenza alla terapia endocrina nel cancro al seno
ANDREETTO, LORENZO
2021/2022
Abstract
About 80% of breast cancers are hormone-dependent and defined as Luminal A and Luminal B tumors. Although anti-hormonal therapy remains the mainline treatment, most of them do not respond or become resistant to the therapy. Recently, epigenome remodeling has been shown to be a key mechanism underlying endocrine resistance in hormone-dependent breast cancers. Interestingly, a subgroup of Luminal-B tumours is found hypermethylated. The Calcinotto lab has previously identified a novel subset of neutrophils defined Neutrophil Progenitors (NePs) specifically enriched in patients affected by Luminal B tumors able to increase genomic instability and resistance to endocrine therapy. The well-established dependency of cancer cells on the tumour microenvironment suggests that the non-cancer-cell component of the tumour may have an important role in the epigenome remodeling of breast cancer cells. My thesis project aims to define whether tumor-infiltrating NePs through their secretome could induce endocrine resistance in breast cancers by inducing epigenetic reprogramming in the tumour cells. We confirmed that the secretome of NePs induces endocrine resistance in vitro and directly promotes epigenetic reprogramming in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Specifically, through this mechanism, we identify that the secretome of NePs induces downregulation of GREB1, an important gene known to regulate endocrine therapy resistance. Hence, preliminary data show that the secretome of NePs can imprint epigenetic modifications to the tumor cells by favoring resistance to endocrine therapies in hormone-dependent breast cancers.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/42392