The purpose of this study is investigating and classifying the plant species present on the south-western slopes of Monte Costo which, together with Monte Cengio, closes the summit of the south-western side of the Asiago plateau. The territory examined is not highly anthropized and has a variety of vegetations that characterize different management types. First, five sample areas have been identified, all of them allowing a sufficient over-view of the presence of plant species in the area. Precisely, the areas include an inten-sive meadow, an extensive meadow, an abandoned meadow, a glade, and a woodland. Then, on sample areas we carried out the field surveying of the species, with their identification and coverage estimation, according to the Braun-Blanquet scale (1932). A phytosociological analysis of the vegetation present in each area was then carried out, identifying the characteristic species and classifying the areas based on the asso-ciative relationships between particular species and habitats. In this study part, the ref-erence for the grassland areas was the grassland classification designated in the docu-ment "The types of permanent grassland in Trentino" (Scotton et al., 2012), and for the wooded area, the classification specified in the document "Forest types of Trentino - description and dynamic aspects" (Odasso et al., 2018). The species identified were finally classified under alimurgical, poisonous and medic-inal aspects, underlining their number, abundance and, for the medicinal species, also their pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties. The study revealed that the phytosociological characteristics of the grassland areas, al-beit with different anthropic management (intensive, extensive, abandoned), are refer-able to a single type of meadow, the "Festuco-Agrostideto", with the distinctive pres-ence of Festuca rubra, typical of mountain environments and with little water availa-bility. In the abandoned meadow, a transition towards the "Nardeto" type of meadow is underway, also in relation to the slow invasion of species from the bordering forest. About the analysed glade, it is a meadow surrounded almost entirely by a beech forest and only little anthropized, which is becoming the otpimal habitat for both grassland species of botanical and naturalistic interest (including several species of Orchida-ceae) and species typically widespread on the edge of the forest (including Lamium or-vala and Aquilegia atrata). Lastly, the wood provides typical aspects of a Dentaria beech forest, with the dominant presence of Fagus sylvatica and, to a minor extent, of Picea abies and some specimens of Abies alba and Larix decidua. After the survey in the field, it was possible to classify the species from an alimurgic, officinal and poisonous point of view. The percentage of phytomass of officinal and alimurgic specie is particularly high, the percentage of poisonous species is lower. In all areas, the presence of many species with nourishing and pharmaceutical proper-ties has been found, demonstrating the important link between man and nature; for the collection of officinal plants, it is necessary to know the "balsamic time" and consider the useful part of the plant, so as to maintain the optimal content of active ingredients that can be used in different preparations. The alimurgic plants and their uses (Fitoalimurgia), on the other hand, are an important cultural symbol, as the knowledge related to them derive mainly from the popular traditions of the territory, which, to-gether with the spontaneous plants, must also be safeguarded.
Il presente studio ha come scopo il rilievo e la classificazione delle specie floristiche presenti sulle pendici sud-ovest del Monte Costo che, insieme al Monte Cengio, chiude il vertice del versante sud-occidentale dell’altopiano di Asiago. Il territorio esaminato non è molto antropizzato e presenta una varietà di vegetazioni che caratterizzano diffe-renti modalità di gestione. Sono state prima identificate cinque aree di campionamento che consentissero di for-nire una sufficiente visione di insieme della presenza delle specie vegetali del territo-rio; in particolare: prato intensivo, prato estensivo, prato abbandonato, radura e bosco. Si è successivamente proceduto ad effettuare il rilievo in campo, su aree di saggio, delle specie, con la determinazione e la valutazione della stima percentuale di copertu-ra delle stesse, secondo la scala di Braun-Blanquet (1932). E’ stata poi eseguita l’analisi fitosociologica della vegetazione presente su ciascuna area, individuandone le specie caratteristiche e classificando le aree in base alle rela-zioni di associazione presenti tra determinate specie e habitat, prendendo come riferi-mento per le aree prative la classificazione indicata nel documento “I tipi di prato permanente in Trentino” (Scotton et al., 2012), e per l’area boschiva quella indicata nel documento “I tipi forestali del Trentino – descrizione e aspetti dinamici” (Odasso et al., 2018). Le specie oggetto di rilievo sono state infine classificate sotto l’aspetto alimurgico, velenoso e officinale, evidenziandone la numerosità, l’abbondanza e, per le specie of-ficinali, anche le loro proprietà farmaceutiche e terapeutiche. Dallo studio è emerso che le caratteristiche fitosociologiche delle aree prative seppur con diverse gestioni antropiche (intensivo, estensivo, abbandonato) risultano sostan-zialmente riferibili ad un unico tipo di prato “Festuco-Agrostideto”, con la presenza caratteristica di Festuca rubra, tipica di terreni montani magri e con poca disponibilità idrica. Nel prato abbandonato è in corso una transizione verso il tipo di prato “Narde-to”, anche in relazione all’invasione lenta di specie del bosco adiacente. Per quanto riguarda la radura, si tratta di un prato circondato quasi interamente da una faggeta e solo parzialmente antropizzato, in cui si crea l’habitat ideale sia per specie prative di interesse floreale e naturalistico (tra cui diverse specie di Orchidaceae), che per specie tipicamente diffuse ai margini del bosco (tra cui Lamium orvala e Aquilegia atrata). Il bosco, infine, presenta aspetti tipici della Faggeta a dentaria, con la presenza domi-nante di Fagus sylvatica e, in misura minore, di Picea abies e qualche esemplare di Abies alba e Larix decidua. Dopo il rilievo in campo, è stato possibile classificare le specie sotto il profilo alimur-gico, officinale e velenoso; si è potuto determinare che la percentuale di fitomassa del-le officinali e delle alimurgiche risulta essere particolarmente elevata, mentre la per-centuale delle velenose, risulta essere inferiore. In tutte e cinque le aree si è riscontrata la presenza di molte specie con proprietà nutri-zionali e farmaceutiche, a dimostrazione dell’importante legame che unisce l’uomo alla natura; per la raccolta delle officinali, è necessario conoscere il “tempo balsami-co” e considerare la parte utile della pianta, così da mantenere il contenuto ottimale di principi attivi utilizzabili nelle diverse preparazioni. Le piante alimurgiche e i loro uti-lizzi (Fitoalimurgia), invece, sono un importante simbolo culturale, in quanto, le cono-scenze legate ad esse derivano prevalentemente dalle tradizioni popolari del territorio, che, insieme alle piante spontanee, vanno anch’esse salvaguardate.
Presenza e proprietà di specie vegetali in vegetazioni del Monte Costo (Altopiano di Asiago)
GIACON, MARTINA
2022/2023
Abstract
The purpose of this study is investigating and classifying the plant species present on the south-western slopes of Monte Costo which, together with Monte Cengio, closes the summit of the south-western side of the Asiago plateau. The territory examined is not highly anthropized and has a variety of vegetations that characterize different management types. First, five sample areas have been identified, all of them allowing a sufficient over-view of the presence of plant species in the area. Precisely, the areas include an inten-sive meadow, an extensive meadow, an abandoned meadow, a glade, and a woodland. Then, on sample areas we carried out the field surveying of the species, with their identification and coverage estimation, according to the Braun-Blanquet scale (1932). A phytosociological analysis of the vegetation present in each area was then carried out, identifying the characteristic species and classifying the areas based on the asso-ciative relationships between particular species and habitats. In this study part, the ref-erence for the grassland areas was the grassland classification designated in the docu-ment "The types of permanent grassland in Trentino" (Scotton et al., 2012), and for the wooded area, the classification specified in the document "Forest types of Trentino - description and dynamic aspects" (Odasso et al., 2018). The species identified were finally classified under alimurgical, poisonous and medic-inal aspects, underlining their number, abundance and, for the medicinal species, also their pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties. The study revealed that the phytosociological characteristics of the grassland areas, al-beit with different anthropic management (intensive, extensive, abandoned), are refer-able to a single type of meadow, the "Festuco-Agrostideto", with the distinctive pres-ence of Festuca rubra, typical of mountain environments and with little water availa-bility. In the abandoned meadow, a transition towards the "Nardeto" type of meadow is underway, also in relation to the slow invasion of species from the bordering forest. About the analysed glade, it is a meadow surrounded almost entirely by a beech forest and only little anthropized, which is becoming the otpimal habitat for both grassland species of botanical and naturalistic interest (including several species of Orchida-ceae) and species typically widespread on the edge of the forest (including Lamium or-vala and Aquilegia atrata). Lastly, the wood provides typical aspects of a Dentaria beech forest, with the dominant presence of Fagus sylvatica and, to a minor extent, of Picea abies and some specimens of Abies alba and Larix decidua. After the survey in the field, it was possible to classify the species from an alimurgic, officinal and poisonous point of view. The percentage of phytomass of officinal and alimurgic specie is particularly high, the percentage of poisonous species is lower. In all areas, the presence of many species with nourishing and pharmaceutical proper-ties has been found, demonstrating the important link between man and nature; for the collection of officinal plants, it is necessary to know the "balsamic time" and consider the useful part of the plant, so as to maintain the optimal content of active ingredients that can be used in different preparations. The alimurgic plants and their uses (Fitoalimurgia), on the other hand, are an important cultural symbol, as the knowledge related to them derive mainly from the popular traditions of the territory, which, to-gether with the spontaneous plants, must also be safeguarded.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/42967