Nowadays, the treatment of skeletal angular deformities and defects is a challenge in pet orthopedics. The emergence of the specific therapeutic approach to the orthopedic patient has laid the foundation for the development of techniques to intervene on the patient in a highly personalized manner. In the field of orthopedics and traumatology, three-dimensional printing, gives us the opportunity to perform patient-specific therapy. The literature gives us the opportunity to be able to observe the development of this technique within the field of orthopedics over the past few years. Despite the few studies performed, many promising results have been obtained that allow us to estimate there is great potential with wide room for improvement. The use of 3D technique for the correction of morphological alterations of bone structures is an innovative technique that by performing extremely specific surgical procedures aims to ensure a better quality of life for the patient. Angular deformities of the fore and hind limbs are currently among the principal orthopedic pathologies in which the 3D technique is applied. Through the 3D technique, it is made possible to create patient-specific physical structures in the three vector planes of space, such as scaffolds, prostheses, implants, models, and surgical instruments. This technology has made it possible to eliminate some of the inherent limitations of the traditional approach by improving the accuracy of the surgical procedure and communication with the owners, decreasing the possible incidence of post-operative complications. This paper aims to describe the current reality of three-dimensional printing in the branch of small animal orthopedics, focusing attention on the production process and thus in all the features that distinguish each of its phases. Two dogs with bony deformities in their forelimbs and two dogs with bony deformities in their hind limbs are presented. In these patients, we used the 3D technique to print models or custom-made 3D tools for the subject to arrive at a diagnosis and then define the most appropriate surgical therapy for the case. This case history will be discussed to objectify the therapeutic outcomes by comparing them with work of other professionals, to then highlight the advantages and main limitations of using this therapeutic aid.
Al giorno d’oggi, il trattamento delle deformazioni angolari e dei difetti a carico delle ossa lunghe è una challenge dell’ortopedia degli animali d’affezione. La nascita dell’approccio terapeutico specifico al paziente ortopedico ha posto le basi per lo sviluppo di tecniche atte ad intervenire sul paziente in modo altamente personalizzato. Nel campo dell’ortopedia e della traumatologia, la stampa tridimensionale, ci dà la possibilità di eseguire una terapia specifica al paziente. La letteratura ci dà l’occasione di poter osservare lo sviluppo di tale tecnica all’interno del campo di ortopedia nel corso degli ultimi anni. Nonostante i pochi studi effettuati sono stati ottenuti molti risultati promettenti che permettono di stimare ci sia un grande potenziale con ampi margini di miglioramento. L'uso della tecnica 3D per la correzione delle alterazioni morfologiche delle strutture ossee è una tecnica innovativa che mediante l’esecuzione di procedure chirurgiche estremamente specifiche mira a garantire una miglior qualità di vita del paziente. Le deformità angolari degli arti anteriori e posteriori sono attualmente tra le principati patologie ortopediche in cui viene applicata la tecnica 3D. Mediante la tecnica 3D viene reso possibile realizzare strutture fisiche specifiche per il singolo paziente nei tre piani vettoriali dello spazio, come gli scaffolds, protesi, impianti, modellini e strumenti chirurgici. Questa tecnologia ha permesso di eliminare alcuni dei limiti intrinseci all’approccio tradizionale migliorando la precisione della procedura chirurgica e la comunicazione con i proprietari, diminuendo l’eventuale incidenza di complicazioni post- operatorie. Questo elaborato vuole descrivere la realtà attuale della stampa tridimensionale nella branca dell’ortopedia dei piccoli animali, ponendo l’attenzione nel processo produttivo e quindi in tutte le caratteristiche che contraddistinguono ogni sua fase. Vengono presentati due cani affetti da deformità ossee agli arti anteriori, e due cani aventi deformità ossee a carico degli arti posteriori. In questi pazienti abbiamo utilizzato la tecnica 3D per stampare i modellini o strumenti 3D custom made per il soggetto al fine di arrivare ad una diagnosi e quindi definire la terapia chirurgica più adatta al caso. Tale casistica verrà discussa al fine di oggettivare gli outcome terapeutici confrontandoli con lavori di altri professionisti, per quindi sottolineare i vantaggi e le principali limitazioni dell’uso di questo ausilio terapeutico.
Applicazione della stampante 3D nell'ortopedia dei piccoli animali
BASSO, GIANLUCA
2022/2023
Abstract
Nowadays, the treatment of skeletal angular deformities and defects is a challenge in pet orthopedics. The emergence of the specific therapeutic approach to the orthopedic patient has laid the foundation for the development of techniques to intervene on the patient in a highly personalized manner. In the field of orthopedics and traumatology, three-dimensional printing, gives us the opportunity to perform patient-specific therapy. The literature gives us the opportunity to be able to observe the development of this technique within the field of orthopedics over the past few years. Despite the few studies performed, many promising results have been obtained that allow us to estimate there is great potential with wide room for improvement. The use of 3D technique for the correction of morphological alterations of bone structures is an innovative technique that by performing extremely specific surgical procedures aims to ensure a better quality of life for the patient. Angular deformities of the fore and hind limbs are currently among the principal orthopedic pathologies in which the 3D technique is applied. Through the 3D technique, it is made possible to create patient-specific physical structures in the three vector planes of space, such as scaffolds, prostheses, implants, models, and surgical instruments. This technology has made it possible to eliminate some of the inherent limitations of the traditional approach by improving the accuracy of the surgical procedure and communication with the owners, decreasing the possible incidence of post-operative complications. This paper aims to describe the current reality of three-dimensional printing in the branch of small animal orthopedics, focusing attention on the production process and thus in all the features that distinguish each of its phases. Two dogs with bony deformities in their forelimbs and two dogs with bony deformities in their hind limbs are presented. In these patients, we used the 3D technique to print models or custom-made 3D tools for the subject to arrive at a diagnosis and then define the most appropriate surgical therapy for the case. This case history will be discussed to objectify the therapeutic outcomes by comparing them with work of other professionals, to then highlight the advantages and main limitations of using this therapeutic aid.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/43029