In the world of sports, there is an increasing focus on the physical preparation of athletes who, however, are subjected to increasing levels of stress causing an increase in the frequency of injuries, especially serious ones. Among these we certainly find the injury of the anterior cruciate ligament, the rupture of which can occur both in non-contact dynamics and in sports where it is expected. Numerous studies have been conducted in order to evaluate how the different types of sports, as well as the gender, age and physical characteristics of the athletes may or may not favor this type of injury, showing how some of these factors actually have their own impact on the frequency with which this type of injury can occur. The purpose of the following study is to evaluate whether or not it is possible to develop a risk factor index, based on biomechanical variables such as angles, forces and joint moments in order to predict and prevent cruciate ligament injury, all from instrumental analysis of subjects (athletes and non-athletes) while performing functional tasks such as drops and squats, both monopodal and bipodal. The development of the index is done by attempting to apply, with appropriate modifications given the different context, what was developed by Schwartz et Al. (2008) in order to identify possible alterations in children's gait using the Gait Deviation Index. All this is done from a statistical analysis of the available dataset, consisting of sedentary subjects or those practicing different sports activities both contact (rugby and soccer) and those that are almost without them (volleyball), taking into consideration both men and women, and subjects with or without previous injuries of one or both anterior cruciate ligaments (thus forming the injured group and control group). In this dataset, all biomechanical variables of both kinematic (stereophotogrammetry and video analysis) and kinetic (force and pressure platforms) nature collected while performing the previously mentioned tests were collected.
Nel mondo dello sport si pone sempre più l’attenzione sulla preparazione fisica degli atleti i quali, però, vengono sottoposti a livelli di stress sempre maggiori causando un aumento della frequenza degli infortuni soprattutto di grave entità. Tra questi troviamo sicuramente la lesione del legamento crociato anteriore, la cui rottura può avvenire sia in dinamiche prive di contatto, sia negli sport dove esso è previsto. Numerosi studi sono stati condotti al fine di valutare come le diverse tipologie di sport, così come il sesso, l’età e le caratteristiche fisiche degli atleti possano favorire o meno questo tipo di infortunio, mostrando come alcuni di questi fattori effettivamente hanno una loro incidenza sulla frequenza con cui questo tipo di lesione può verificarsi. Lo scopo del seguente studio è quello di valutare se sia possibile o meno lo sviluppo di un indice dei fattori di rischio, basandosi su variabili biomeccaniche quali angoli, forze e momenti articolari al fine di predire e prevenire la lesione del legamento crociato, il tutto a partire dall’analisi strumentale di soggetti (atleti e non) durante l’esecuzione di task funzionali quali drop e squat, sia monopodalici che bipodalici. Lo sviluppo dell’indice viene fatto cercando di applicare, con le dovute modifiche visto il differente contesto, quanto sviluppato da Schwartz et Al. (2008) al fine di individuare possibili alterazioni nel cammino di bambini tramite il Gait Deviation Index. Tutto questo viene fatto a partire da un’analisi statistica del dataset a disposizione, formato da soggetti sedentari o praticanti diverse attività sportive sia di contatto (rugby e calcio) che quelle che ne sono pressoché prive (pallavolo), prendendo in considerazione sia uomini che donne, sia soggetti con o senza precedenti lesioni di uno o entrambi i legamenti crociati anteriori (formando così il gruppo degli infortunati e gruppo di controllo). In questo dataset sono state collezionate tutte le variabili biomeccaniche sia di natura cinematica (stereofotogrammetria e video analysis) che cinetica (pedane di forza e pressione) raccolte durante l’esecuzione dei test precedentemente citati.
Sviluppo ed implementazione di un indice di rischio di infortunio al legamento crociato anteriore tramite analisi del movimento
RIGONI, GIULIO
2022/2023
Abstract
In the world of sports, there is an increasing focus on the physical preparation of athletes who, however, are subjected to increasing levels of stress causing an increase in the frequency of injuries, especially serious ones. Among these we certainly find the injury of the anterior cruciate ligament, the rupture of which can occur both in non-contact dynamics and in sports where it is expected. Numerous studies have been conducted in order to evaluate how the different types of sports, as well as the gender, age and physical characteristics of the athletes may or may not favor this type of injury, showing how some of these factors actually have their own impact on the frequency with which this type of injury can occur. The purpose of the following study is to evaluate whether or not it is possible to develop a risk factor index, based on biomechanical variables such as angles, forces and joint moments in order to predict and prevent cruciate ligament injury, all from instrumental analysis of subjects (athletes and non-athletes) while performing functional tasks such as drops and squats, both monopodal and bipodal. The development of the index is done by attempting to apply, with appropriate modifications given the different context, what was developed by Schwartz et Al. (2008) in order to identify possible alterations in children's gait using the Gait Deviation Index. All this is done from a statistical analysis of the available dataset, consisting of sedentary subjects or those practicing different sports activities both contact (rugby and soccer) and those that are almost without them (volleyball), taking into consideration both men and women, and subjects with or without previous injuries of one or both anterior cruciate ligaments (thus forming the injured group and control group). In this dataset, all biomechanical variables of both kinematic (stereophotogrammetry and video analysis) and kinetic (force and pressure platforms) nature collected while performing the previously mentioned tests were collected.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/43322