ABSTRACT Background: Open fractures are among the most severe injuries observed in orthopedic patients. Treating open fractures is difficult because such patients with infections may require multiple operations and amputations, especially in the lower limb and leg because of the challenge in soft tissue coverage and reconstruction. In fact, the main goal of open fractures treatment is to repair bone defects and perform adequate and functional soft tissue reconstruction. Objectives. Aims of our study were 1) to analyze the series of a referral center defining the role of orthoplastic approach in the management of open fractures of the leg; 2) to analyze outcome and radiological healing in surgically treated open fractures, evaluating possible prognostic factors and 3) to analyze the complication rate such as non-union, delayed union, and infection. Material & methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent surgical procedures for open fractures of the leg between 2016 and 2022. We enrolled 84 patients (64 males, 20 females) treated at a mean age of 47,21 years-old (range 9-78). According to Gustilo-Anderson classifications, there were 18 G–A type I fractures, 26 type II, 21 type IIIA, 14 type IIIB and 5 type IIIC. Data on comorbidities, timing of surgery, operative data and antibiotic prophylaxis, incidence of complications and postoperative checks were reported and statistically analyzed. We compared patients presenting infections with those without infections by assessing the following factors: smoking, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, timing from injury till initial debridement, antibiotic prophylaxis duration and the use of flap. Results. 96.4% of patients healed at final follow-up. Orthoplastic approach was performed in 22 patients (26.2%), mainly using free flaps. Complication rate was 29.8% (16 infection – 19% and 9 non-union – 10.8%). Patients developing infections differed significantly in terms of smoking habitude (p 0.032), whereas antibiotic prophylaxis duration, diabetes, and timing of initial surgery from trauma, do not statistically influence (P > 0.05) at univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusions. In severe open fracture the orthoplastic approach can guarantee a better outcome, according to current guidelines. External fixation and microsurgical reconstruction are not necessarily alternative procedures but can integrate in an orthoplastic path to address at best both soft tissue and bone reconstruction. The overall success rate of patients with open-leg fractures is quite high (66.7%), even if the complication rate is still high. Smoke habitude is a significant independent prognostic factor on infection risk, whereas there was a trend with higher risk (even if not statistically significant) in patients with hypertension, age over 50 years-old and major soft tissue involvement.
ABSTRACT Introduzione: Le fratture esposte sono tra le più severe lesioni osservate in pazienti ortopedici. Il trattamento delle fratture esposte è difficoltoso perché tali pazienti con infezione possono richiedere operazioni multiple o l’amputazione, specialmente a livello dell’arto inferiore o della gamba a causa della difficoltà nella copertura e nella ricostruzione dei tessuti molli. L’obiettivo principale nel trattamento delle fratture esposte è infatti quello di ridurre la frattura e di ricostruire in modo adeguato e funzionale i tessuti molli. Obiettivi. Gli obiettivi del nostro studio sono 1) analizzare il campione di un centro di riferimento per definire il ruolo dell’approccio ortoplastico nella gestione delle fratture esposte della gamba; 2) analizzare l’outcome e la guarigione dal punto di vista radiografico nelle fratture esposte trattate chirurgicamente, valutando i possibili fattori prognostici e 3) analizzare il tasso di complicanze, quali pseudoartrosi, ritardo di consolidazione e infezione. Materiali & metodi. Abbiamo realizzato un’analisi retrospettiva dei pazienti operati per frattura esposta della gamba tra il 2016 e il 2022. Abbiamo valutato 84 pazienti (64 maschi, 20 femmine) con un’età media di 47,21 (range 9-78). Le fratture sono state valutate secondo la classificazione di Gustilo-Anderson e sono risultate 18 fratture di grado I, 26 di grado II, 21 di grado IIIA, 14 di grado IIIB e 5 di grado IIIC. Abbiamo riportato e analizzato dal punto di vista statistico i dati riguardanti le comorbidità, la durata dell’intervento, i dati operatori, la profilassi antibiotica, l’incidenza di complicanze e i controlli postoperatori. Abbiamo poi confrontato i pazienti che presentavano infezione con i pazienti senza infezione valutando i seguenti fattori: fumo, ipertensione, diabete, tempo trascorso tra la prima operazione chirurgica e il trauma, la durata della profilassi antibiotica e l’uso dei lembi. Risultati. 94.4% sono guariti all’ultimo follow-up. Il trattamento ortoplastico è stato eseguito in 22 pazienti (26.2%), usando soprattutto free flaps. L’incidenza delle complicanze è stata del 29.8% (16 infezioni – 19% e 9 pseudoartrosi – 10.8%). I pazienti che hanno sviluppato infezioni differivano in modo significativo in termini di abitudine al fumo (p 0.032), mentre la durata della profilassi antibiotica, il diabete e il tempo trascorso tra la prima operazione chirurgica e il trauma non hanno un’influenza statisticamente significativa (P > 0.05) all’analisi univariata e multivariata. Conclusioni. Nelle fratture esposte di grado severo l’approccio ortoplastico può consentire un outcome migliore secondo le ultime linee guida. L’uso del fissatore esterno e la ricostruzione microchirurgica non sono necessariamente procedure alternative, ma possono integrare il trattamento ortoplastico per ottenere la migliore ricostruzione dell’osso e dei tessuti molli. L’incidenza totale di successo del trattamento in pazienti con fratture esposte della gamba è piuttosto alta (66.7%), anche se il tasso di complicanze è ancora elevato. L’abitudine al fumo è un significativo fattore prognostico indipendente di rischio di infezione, mentre vi è una tendenza ad avere un rischio più elevato di infezione (anche se non statisticamente significativa) in pazienti con ipertensione, età maggiore di 55 anni e importante coinvolgimento dei tessuti molli.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ORTHOPLASTIC TREATMENT IN GUSTILO–ANDERSON IIIB -IIIC LOWER LIMBS FRACTURES
CESCHI, FRANCESCA VALENTINA
2022/2023
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Open fractures are among the most severe injuries observed in orthopedic patients. Treating open fractures is difficult because such patients with infections may require multiple operations and amputations, especially in the lower limb and leg because of the challenge in soft tissue coverage and reconstruction. In fact, the main goal of open fractures treatment is to repair bone defects and perform adequate and functional soft tissue reconstruction. Objectives. Aims of our study were 1) to analyze the series of a referral center defining the role of orthoplastic approach in the management of open fractures of the leg; 2) to analyze outcome and radiological healing in surgically treated open fractures, evaluating possible prognostic factors and 3) to analyze the complication rate such as non-union, delayed union, and infection. Material & methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent surgical procedures for open fractures of the leg between 2016 and 2022. We enrolled 84 patients (64 males, 20 females) treated at a mean age of 47,21 years-old (range 9-78). According to Gustilo-Anderson classifications, there were 18 G–A type I fractures, 26 type II, 21 type IIIA, 14 type IIIB and 5 type IIIC. Data on comorbidities, timing of surgery, operative data and antibiotic prophylaxis, incidence of complications and postoperative checks were reported and statistically analyzed. We compared patients presenting infections with those without infections by assessing the following factors: smoking, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, timing from injury till initial debridement, antibiotic prophylaxis duration and the use of flap. Results. 96.4% of patients healed at final follow-up. Orthoplastic approach was performed in 22 patients (26.2%), mainly using free flaps. Complication rate was 29.8% (16 infection – 19% and 9 non-union – 10.8%). Patients developing infections differed significantly in terms of smoking habitude (p 0.032), whereas antibiotic prophylaxis duration, diabetes, and timing of initial surgery from trauma, do not statistically influence (P > 0.05) at univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusions. In severe open fracture the orthoplastic approach can guarantee a better outcome, according to current guidelines. External fixation and microsurgical reconstruction are not necessarily alternative procedures but can integrate in an orthoplastic path to address at best both soft tissue and bone reconstruction. The overall success rate of patients with open-leg fractures is quite high (66.7%), even if the complication rate is still high. Smoke habitude is a significant independent prognostic factor on infection risk, whereas there was a trend with higher risk (even if not statistically significant) in patients with hypertension, age over 50 years-old and major soft tissue involvement.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/43861