The thesis thematizes the dialectic between structuralism and individualism that emerges from Pierre Bourdieu’s ethnological investigations. It is properly a reflection on Pierre Bourdieu’s scientific practice, which, as noted by the author himself, is designed to baffle both those who reflect on the sciences of man without practicing them and those who practice them without reflecting. The crucial issue is the interrelationship between the material dimension of life and one’s consciousness of it. What matters to the ethnologist is not so much whether material transformations or cultural transformations are decisive, but to identify the intertwining of these two dimensions, so as to overcome both the conceptions of classical structuralism and interactionism. The problem that arises is to analyze, on the one hand, the objective world that imposes itself from outside limiting the possibilities of action and, on the other hand, the subjective arrangements through which action takes place. The analysis of the transition from pre-capitalist to capitalist society, in particular, induces a focus on material living conditions, but also introduces the subjective point of view of agents. The enhancement of the relationship between material-objective and symbolic-subjective dimensions is the starting point of the theory of practice and the origin of the concept of habitus. The investigations carried out on the Algerian gleaning camps and underproletariat, bring out a critical stance towards both interactionism, which disavows the conditioning force of social structures, and classical structuralism, which, on the contrary, ascribes to these structures a prevailing force.
L’elaborato tematizza la dialettica tra strutturalismo e individualismo che emerge dalle indagini etnologiche di Pierre Bourdieu. Si tratta propriamente di una riflessione sulla pratica scientifica di Pierre Bourdieu, la quale, come osservato dallo stesso autore, è pensata per sconcertare tanto coloro che riflettono sulle scienze dell’uomo senza praticarle, quanto coloro che le praticano senza riflettere. La questione cruciale è rappresentata dall’interrelazione tra la dimensione materiale della vita e la coscienza che si ha di essa. Ciò che importa all’etnologo non è tanto stabilire se siano determinanti le trasformazioni materiali oppure quelle culturali, ma individuare l’intreccio tra queste due dimensioni, in modo da superare sia le concezioni dello strutturalismo classico, sia dell’interazionismo. Il problema che si pone è quello di analizzare, da una parte, il mondo oggettivo che si impone dall’esterno limitando le possibilità d’azione e, dall’altra, le disposizioni soggettive attraverso cui si svolge l’azione. L’analisi del passaggio dalla società precapitalista alla società capitalista, in particolare, induce a porre l’attenzione sulle condizioni di vita materiali, ma introduce anche il punto di vista soggettivo degli agenti. La valorizzazione della relazione tra dimensione materiale-oggettiva e dimensione simbolica-soggettiva rappresenta il punto d’avvio della teoria della pratica e l’origine del concetto di habitus. Le indagini svolte sui campi di raccolta e sul sottoproletariato algerino, fanno emergere una posizione critica sia nei confronti dell’interazionismo, che disconosce la forza condizionante delle strutture sociali, sia dello strutturalismo classico che, al contrario, ascrive a tali strutture una forza imperante.
La dialettica tra strutturalismo e individualismo nell’indagine etnologica di Pierre Bourdieu
DALLA MARTA, BEATRICE
2022/2023
Abstract
The thesis thematizes the dialectic between structuralism and individualism that emerges from Pierre Bourdieu’s ethnological investigations. It is properly a reflection on Pierre Bourdieu’s scientific practice, which, as noted by the author himself, is designed to baffle both those who reflect on the sciences of man without practicing them and those who practice them without reflecting. The crucial issue is the interrelationship between the material dimension of life and one’s consciousness of it. What matters to the ethnologist is not so much whether material transformations or cultural transformations are decisive, but to identify the intertwining of these two dimensions, so as to overcome both the conceptions of classical structuralism and interactionism. The problem that arises is to analyze, on the one hand, the objective world that imposes itself from outside limiting the possibilities of action and, on the other hand, the subjective arrangements through which action takes place. The analysis of the transition from pre-capitalist to capitalist society, in particular, induces a focus on material living conditions, but also introduces the subjective point of view of agents. The enhancement of the relationship between material-objective and symbolic-subjective dimensions is the starting point of the theory of practice and the origin of the concept of habitus. The investigations carried out on the Algerian gleaning camps and underproletariat, bring out a critical stance towards both interactionism, which disavows the conditioning force of social structures, and classical structuralism, which, on the contrary, ascribes to these structures a prevailing force.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/44160