Adolescence is a crucial period in everyone’s life, but it can bring many challenges that can make it quite tricky. We are faced with a rapid and sudden change of self: in physical aspect, on the cognitive, social and emotional and we search for comfort in peers, as mates of this unexpected experience. Body changes are perceived as totally unexpected and out of our control and they fast lead the adolescent to be physically a lot similar to an adult. We move away from parental figures to go on search for our own personal identity, while engaging with social models. Claiming and acquiring autonomy are one of the most important characteristics of this life’s period because it allows to experience and imagine themselves in the possible realities, making projects for the future. Another important aspect is about having relationships with peers and being part of a group, seeking for others’ approval. Body represents a “business card”, what others can immediately see and judge. That’s why it becomes central for the adolescent who must see satisfied their need for belonging. In the relationships with peers we are allowed to experience the development of the emotional, friendship takes on a new value and the first affective and sexual experiences develop. Day by day, choices that they make contribute in defining their identity. This process is quite difficult to face, then it becomes even more difficult for those who don’t have a strong and healthy body. Precisely because body is the first thing that others see and judge, comparison with other and need for approval become imperative in the process of building their own identity. It’s easy to understand that for adolescents who suffer from a chronic illness everything becomes even more difficult. These people are often obliged to therapies which lead them to a distorted image of self, that makes them feel different from others. Moreover, it is characterized by flare-ups and complicances and obliges to regular checks. It often brings nutritional regime and in life-style. All of this farthers adolescents from their own environment, everyday life and friends. The need for autonomy which allows to experience themselves and slowly building their own personality, is thwarted by the dependence experienced towards parental figures. Chronic condition obliges them to a complex management of their body and themselves. They often require adult supervision because of invasive procedures that make them feel as “broken”. For parents, it becomes even more challenging to let their children experience themselves in the world proceeding by trial and errors because of the illness making the body fragile. Then, these adolescents find themselves between the desire to be and a chronic condition that interferes with adolescence experiences and the urge to satisfy their need for belonging. Through a revision of the literatures, this writing has the aim to explore what adolescents with chronic illness experience, analyzing their needs, especially for those who suffer from diabetes mellitus. Moreover, we will try to understand what role professional educator could take in supporting and promoting autonomy in adolescents who suffer from a chronic illness condition, without ignoring the importance of a good compliance to medical prescriptions.
L’adolescenza è un periodo cruciale nella vita di ogni individuo ma porta con sé numerose sfide che lo rendono particolarmente insidioso. Ci si trova di fronte ad un cambiamento rapido e improvviso di sé stessi: nell’aspetto fisico, sul piano cognitivo, sociale ed emotivo e si ricerca conforto nei pari, in quanto compagni di questa inattesa esperienza. Il corpo va incontro a cambiamenti percepiti come improvvisi e totalmente fuori controllo che portano l’adolescente ad essere fisicamente molto simile ad un adulto. Ci si allontana dalle figure genitoriali, rivendicando sempre maggior autonomia, per andare alla ricerca della propria identità personale confrontandosi con i modelli della società. La rivendicazione e il raggiungimento dell’autonomia è una tra le più importanti caratteristiche di questa fase della vita perché permette di sperimentarsi ed immaginarsi nelle varie realtà possibili, facendo progetti per il futuro. Altro aspetto fondamentale è la relazione con i pari e il sentirsi parte di un gruppo, ricercando l'approvazione dell'altro. Il corpo rappresenta un “biglietto da visita”, quello che gli altri immediatamente vedono, e pertanto giudicano. È quindi elemento centrale per l’adolescente che deve vedere soddisfatto il suo bisogno di appartenenza. Nella relazione con i pari il ragazzo sperimenta lo sviluppo della sfera emotiva, l’amicizia assume un nuovo valore ed evolvono le prime esperienze affettive e sessuali. Le scelte che il ragazzo compie contribuiscono a delineare giorno per giorno la sua identità. Questo processo è di per sé difficile da affrontare, ma diventa ancor più difficile per chi non dispone di un corpo forte e sano. Proprio perché il corpo è la prima cosa che gli altri vedono e giudicano, il confronto con gli altri e la necessità di approvazione diventano elemento essenziale nella costruzione della propria identità. Per chi soffre di malattia cronica tutto questo diventa ancor più difficile. Questi ragazzi sono spesso costretti a terapie che portano ad avere un’immagine corporea deturpata, facendoli sentire diversi dagli altri. Inoltre, è caratterizzata da riacutizzazioni e complicanze e costringe a controlli periodici, oltre a portare spesso a vincoli alimentari e nello stile di vita. Tutto ciò allontana l’adolescente dal suo ambiente, dalla sua quotidianità e dalle sue amicizie. La spinta all’autonomia, che permette di sperimentarsi e costruire pian piano la propria identità personale, è ostacolata dalla dipendenza verso le figure genitoriali. La condizione di cronicità, infatti, costringe ad una gestione di sé e del proprio corpo complessa, spesso con procedure invasive che richiedono la supervisione di un adulto e che fanno sentire di essere “difettosi”. Per il genitore, diventa una sfida ancor più impegnativa lasciare che il proprio figlio si sperimenti nel mondo procedendo per prove ed errori, in quanto la malattia cronica rende fragile il corpo. Il ragazzo si trova così tra il voler essere e una condizione di cronicità che non permette di vivere appieno le esperienze dell’adolescenza e di appagare il proprio bisogno di appartenenza. Questo elaborato ha lo scopo di indagare, attraverso una revisione della letteratura, il vissuto dei ragazzi con malattia cronica, concentrandosi sui bisogni dell’adolescente in questa fase, in particolare negli adolescenti con diabete mellito. Inoltre, si cercherà di comprendere il ruolo che un educatore professionale può avere nel supportare e promuovere l’autonomia in adolescenti in condizioni di cronicità, senza trascurare però l’importanza di una buona aderenza alle prescrizioni mediche.
Adolescenza e malattia cronica tra bisogno di autonomia e dipendenza dalle figure genitoriali: riflessioni sul ruolo dell'educatore professionale.
RIZZIOLI, VIRGINIA
2021/2022
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial period in everyone’s life, but it can bring many challenges that can make it quite tricky. We are faced with a rapid and sudden change of self: in physical aspect, on the cognitive, social and emotional and we search for comfort in peers, as mates of this unexpected experience. Body changes are perceived as totally unexpected and out of our control and they fast lead the adolescent to be physically a lot similar to an adult. We move away from parental figures to go on search for our own personal identity, while engaging with social models. Claiming and acquiring autonomy are one of the most important characteristics of this life’s period because it allows to experience and imagine themselves in the possible realities, making projects for the future. Another important aspect is about having relationships with peers and being part of a group, seeking for others’ approval. Body represents a “business card”, what others can immediately see and judge. That’s why it becomes central for the adolescent who must see satisfied their need for belonging. In the relationships with peers we are allowed to experience the development of the emotional, friendship takes on a new value and the first affective and sexual experiences develop. Day by day, choices that they make contribute in defining their identity. This process is quite difficult to face, then it becomes even more difficult for those who don’t have a strong and healthy body. Precisely because body is the first thing that others see and judge, comparison with other and need for approval become imperative in the process of building their own identity. It’s easy to understand that for adolescents who suffer from a chronic illness everything becomes even more difficult. These people are often obliged to therapies which lead them to a distorted image of self, that makes them feel different from others. Moreover, it is characterized by flare-ups and complicances and obliges to regular checks. It often brings nutritional regime and in life-style. All of this farthers adolescents from their own environment, everyday life and friends. The need for autonomy which allows to experience themselves and slowly building their own personality, is thwarted by the dependence experienced towards parental figures. Chronic condition obliges them to a complex management of their body and themselves. They often require adult supervision because of invasive procedures that make them feel as “broken”. For parents, it becomes even more challenging to let their children experience themselves in the world proceeding by trial and errors because of the illness making the body fragile. Then, these adolescents find themselves between the desire to be and a chronic condition that interferes with adolescence experiences and the urge to satisfy their need for belonging. Through a revision of the literatures, this writing has the aim to explore what adolescents with chronic illness experience, analyzing their needs, especially for those who suffer from diabetes mellitus. Moreover, we will try to understand what role professional educator could take in supporting and promoting autonomy in adolescents who suffer from a chronic illness condition, without ignoring the importance of a good compliance to medical prescriptions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/46109