Introduction: β-cell replacement through islet transplant represents an important therapeutic option, especially for T1D patients suffering from brittle diabetes, with severe hypoglycemic events and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, despite optimal medical therapy and the use of new technologies. Aim: the aim of this study was to describe the population of patients screened to assess eligibility for β-cell replacement therapy by our multidisciplinary team. Additional aims include describing how patients’ assessment is conducted, defining patients selection criteria, and comparing these to those used in other centers. Materials and methods: data from 64 patients with T1D aged >18 years were collected in this single-center observational prospective study. Candidate selection for β-cell replacement therapy was conducted in the outpatient clinic by the multidisciplinary team from June 2022 to April 2023. Patients assessment consisted of an endocrinologist evaluation, a surgical evaluation, and the risk-benefit assessment. Patients are classified as eligible, not eligible or to be re-evaluated. Patients who were considered eligible to continue the process underwent a psychological evaluation and were referred to perform a checklist of tests required to be put on the waiting list. Results: considering both the first (n=64) and second (n=7) evaluations, 17% of patients were considered eligible, 50% were not eligible, and 19% were to be re-evaluated. 14% of patients dropped out during the process. Mean age was 40.7 ± 12.1 years and mean duration of disease was 20.7 ± 10.7 years. As regards glycemic control, values of HbA1c≥7.5% were found in 58% of patients. Time < 69mg/dl >4% according to the AGP Profile was found in 16% of patients, and only 21% of patients achieved a TIR>70%. 8% of patients suffered from hypoglycemia unawareness. Only 22% of patients used CSII, a technology which had never been tried by 84% of patients in MDI regimen and was declined by 92% of them because of lack of acceptance. 97% of the patients don't apply or don’t seem aware of the instructions for proper correction of hypoglycemia, and 80% of patients don’t apply or don’t seem aware of carbohydrate counting. Conclusions: the results of this study highlighted that further studies are needed to improve patients’ referral and determine more objectable inclusion and exclusion criteria for patients’ selection since the first visit. Although the limited number of patients involved in the study, important issues of non-acceptance of the disease and lack of adherence were found. Thus, psychological evaluation of patients has a key role during the selection process. Another important issue that needs further studies is patients’ education. Improvements in educational strategies could allow better glycemic control, especially in younger patients.
Presupposti dello studio: la terapia β-cellulare rappresenta un’importante opzione terapeutica per i pazienti affetti da diabete di tipo 1, in particolare per coloro affetti da brittle diabetes, che vanno incontro a severi episodi di ipoglicemia e che non avvertono i sintomi dell’ipoglicemia stessa, nonostante una terapia medica ottimale, compreso l’uso delle nuove tecnologie. Scopo dello studio: lo studio si pone come scopo quello di descrivere la popolazione di pazienti sottoposta a valutazione presso il nostro ambulatorio multidisciplinare per la determinazione all’idoneità alla terapia β-cellulare del diabete. Scopi aggiuntivi sono illustrare le modalità di valutazione dei pazienti, determinare i criteri di selezione e confrontarli con quelli degli altri centri. Materiali e metodi: in questo studio osservazionale prospettico monocentrico sono stati raccolti i dati relativi a 64 pazienti affetti da diabete di tipo 1 di età >18 anni. I pazienti sono stati valutati presso l’ambulatorio multidisciplinare per la selezione dei candidati alla terapia β-cellulare del diabete nel periodo da giugno 2022 ad aprile 2023. La visita si è articolata in una valutazione endocrinologica, una valutazione chirurgica e nella determinazione del rapporto rischio-beneficio della procedura. I pazienti sono stati classificati come idonei, non idonei o da rivalutare. I pazienti che sono stati ritenuti idonei a proseguire l’iter sono stati sottoposti ad una valutazione psicologica e indirizzati ad eseguire una check-list di esami necessari per l’immissione in lista. Risultati: Considerata la prima (n=64) e la seconda (n=7) visita, il 17% dei pazienti sono stati ritenuti idonei, il 50% non idonei e il 19% da rivalutare. Il 14% ha abbandonato l’iter di valutazione. L’età media era 40.7 ± 12.1 anni e la durata media di malattia 20.7 ± 10.7 anni. Considerato il controllo glicemico, i valori di HbA1c erano ≥7.5% nel 58% dei pazienti, il 16% aveva un tempo in ipoglicemia <69 mg/dl riferito dal sensore >4% e l’8% soffriva di hypoglycemia unawareness; inoltre, un TIR>70% riferito dal sensore era raggiunto dal 21% dei pazienti. Solo il 22% dei pazienti utilizzava il microinfusore, mai provato dall’84% dei pazienti in terapia multiiniettiva e rifiutato dal 92% di loro per problemi di accettazione. Il 97% dei pazienti studiati non applica o non sembra a conoscenza delle istruzioni per una corretta correzione dell'ipoglicemia e l'80% dei pazienti non applica o non sembra consapevole di come attuare il conteggio dei carboidrati. Conclusioni: i dati raccolti hanno evidenziato la necessità di migliorare la modalità di invio dei pazienti e di stabilire, attraverso ulteriori studi, criteri più oggettivabili di inclusione ed esclusione per la selezione dei pazienti sin dalla prima visita. Nonostante il ridotto numero di pazienti analizzati, è emersa, inoltre, un’importante problematica di non accettazione della malattia e di mancata aderenza alla terapia, pertanto, la valutazione psicologica dei pazienti assume un ruolo cruciale nel processo di selezione. Un altro aspetto di rilevanza, che riteniamo necessiti di un ulteriore approfondimento, riguarda l’educazione dei pazienti: un miglioramento a livello educativo, specialmente nei pazienti più giovani, potrebbe riflettersi in un miglior controllo glicemico.
β-cell replacement for patients with brittle diabetes: therapeutic options and candidate selection
SGRINZATO, GIOIA
2022/2023
Abstract
Introduction: β-cell replacement through islet transplant represents an important therapeutic option, especially for T1D patients suffering from brittle diabetes, with severe hypoglycemic events and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, despite optimal medical therapy and the use of new technologies. Aim: the aim of this study was to describe the population of patients screened to assess eligibility for β-cell replacement therapy by our multidisciplinary team. Additional aims include describing how patients’ assessment is conducted, defining patients selection criteria, and comparing these to those used in other centers. Materials and methods: data from 64 patients with T1D aged >18 years were collected in this single-center observational prospective study. Candidate selection for β-cell replacement therapy was conducted in the outpatient clinic by the multidisciplinary team from June 2022 to April 2023. Patients assessment consisted of an endocrinologist evaluation, a surgical evaluation, and the risk-benefit assessment. Patients are classified as eligible, not eligible or to be re-evaluated. Patients who were considered eligible to continue the process underwent a psychological evaluation and were referred to perform a checklist of tests required to be put on the waiting list. Results: considering both the first (n=64) and second (n=7) evaluations, 17% of patients were considered eligible, 50% were not eligible, and 19% were to be re-evaluated. 14% of patients dropped out during the process. Mean age was 40.7 ± 12.1 years and mean duration of disease was 20.7 ± 10.7 years. As regards glycemic control, values of HbA1c≥7.5% were found in 58% of patients. Time < 69mg/dl >4% according to the AGP Profile was found in 16% of patients, and only 21% of patients achieved a TIR>70%. 8% of patients suffered from hypoglycemia unawareness. Only 22% of patients used CSII, a technology which had never been tried by 84% of patients in MDI regimen and was declined by 92% of them because of lack of acceptance. 97% of the patients don't apply or don’t seem aware of the instructions for proper correction of hypoglycemia, and 80% of patients don’t apply or don’t seem aware of carbohydrate counting. Conclusions: the results of this study highlighted that further studies are needed to improve patients’ referral and determine more objectable inclusion and exclusion criteria for patients’ selection since the first visit. Although the limited number of patients involved in the study, important issues of non-acceptance of the disease and lack of adherence were found. Thus, psychological evaluation of patients has a key role during the selection process. Another important issue that needs further studies is patients’ education. Improvements in educational strategies could allow better glycemic control, especially in younger patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/47030