ABSTRACT (ENGLISH VERSION) Assumptions of the study. To date, the only available therapy for coeliac disease is the gluten-free diet. Normalization of serum anti-transglutaminase IgA (anti-TTG) antibody levels is achieved by excluding gluten from the diet, and monitoring of the antibody title is recommended by international guidelines to document the regression of celiac enteropathy. However, to date, little data on anti-TTG antibodies trends are available for children with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet. Purpose of the study. The aim of our study was to examine the time to anti-TTG normalization and its possible predictors (sex, age, presence of symptoms, severity of histological biopsy, anti-TTG antibody levels at onset and the analytical method used for anti-TTG determination). Materials and methods. A retrospective study was performed including all patients, aged 0-18 years, diagnosed with coeliac disease between January 2010 and July 2022 at the University Hospital of Padua. Patients with proven or probable non-adherence to the gluten-free diet and children with IgA deficiency were excluded from the study. For each patient demographic, clinical, serological (i.e., anti-TTG antibody levels at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years after diagnosis) and histological data were collected as well as information regarding adherence to the gluten-free diet. In order to allow comparison of data obtained by different laboratory methods, anti-TTG antibodies levels were assessed as a multiple of the upper limit of the normality threshold (x nv). Statistical analysis was performed with the R 4.2 software. Results. The study included 315 children (200 females, 115 males) diagnosed with coeliac disease. The median age at diagnosis was 7.1 years (SD 3.9) and the median follow-up time of the patients was 728 days (range 92-2325). Of these, 86.3% were symptomatic at onset, most frequently with gastrointestinal manifestations, poor growth, and anemia. At diagnosis, the median of anti-TTG levels was 18.29 x nv (IQR 76.9) and the median time of anti-TTG normalization was 14.9 months (IQR 14.3). The percentage of children with negative anti-TTG at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after diagnosis was 37%, 74%, 92%, and 99% of patients, respectively. The rate of normalization of anti-TTG antibodies was not influenced by anti-TTG levels at diagnosis (< vs. > 10 x nv; p=0.22). Similarly, age at diagnosis, sex, symptoms, histological severity of disease and the analytical method used for the determination of anti-TTG (CLIA vs. FEIA) were not found to be predictors of the rate of normalization of anti-TTG antibodies over time. Conclusions. Our study is the third largest to date that has investigated the timing of anti-TTG antibodies normalization in children with coeliac disease. The study showed that, at 3 years after diagnosis, 90 % of children with coeliac disease achieve anti-TTG antibodies normalization. Moreover, the rate of normalization of these is independent of all the parameters analyzed. Further prospective studies, including objective measures of adherence to the gluten-free diet, are needed to confirm our results and obtain standardized data to guide the clinician in the follow-up of children with coeliac disease. Our study is the third largest to date that has analyzed the timing of normalization of anti-TTG antibodies in children with coeliac disease. At 3 years after diagnosis, 90% of children with coeliac disease achieve normalization of anti-TTG antibodies. The rate of normalization of these antibodies is independent of all parameters analyzed. Further prospective studies, including objective measures of adherence to the gluten-free diet, are needed to confirm our results and obtain standardized data to guide the physician in the follow-up of children with coeliac disease.
ABSTRACT Presupposti dello studio. Ad oggi, l’unica terapia disponibile per la malattia celiaca è la dieta priva di glutine. È dimostrato che la normalizzazione dei livelli sierici degli anticorpi anti-transglutaminasi tissutali IgA (anti-TTG) si ottiene escludendo il glutine dalla dieta e il monitoraggio del titolo anticorpale è raccomandato dalle linee guida internazionali per documentare la regressione dell’enteropatia. Ciò nonostante, sono disponibili pochi dati riguardanti il tempo di normalizzazione degli anti-TTG nei bambini affetti da celiachia che seguono una dieta priva di glutine. Scopo dello studio. Gli scopi del nostro studio sono stati quelli di definire il tempo di negativizzazione degli anti-TTG dopo avvio di dieta aglutinata in una coorte di bambini affetti da malattia celiaca, e di valutare l’influenza di alcuni parametri sulla velocità di normalizzazione degli anti-TTG (sesso, età alla diagnosi, presenza di sintomi, livelli di anti-TTG all’esordio, severità del quadro istologico, metodo analitico usato per la determinazione di anti-TTG). Materiali e metodi. È stato eseguito uno studio retrospettivo che ha incluso tutti i pazienti, di età compresa tra 0 e 18 anni, diagnosticati per malattia celiachia tra gennaio 2010 e luglio 2022 presso l’Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova. Dallo studio sono stati esclusi tutti i pazienti celiaci con provata o probabile mancata aderenza alla dieta aglutinata e quelli con deficit assoluto di IgA. Per ogni paziente sono stati raccolti dati demografici, clinici, sierologici (i.e. livelli di anti-TTG a 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 anni dalla diagnosi), istologici e relativi all’aderenza alla dieta aglutinata. Per permettere la comparazione dei dati ottenuti con metodiche di laboratorio diverse, i livelli di anti-TTG sono stati valutati come multiplo del limite superiore della soglia di normalità (x vn). L’analisi statistica è stata eseguita con il software R 4.2. Risultati. Lo studio ha incluso 315 bambini (200 femmine, 115 maschi) affetti da celiachia. L’ età media alla diagnosi è stata di 7.1 anni (DS 3.9) e il tempo mediano di follow up dei pazienti è stato di 728 giorni (range 92-2325). L’86.3% di questi si presentava sintomatico all’esordio, più frequentemente con manifestazioni gastrointestinali, scarsa crescita e anemia. Alla diagnosi, la mediana degli anticorpi anti-TTG è risultata essere pari a 18,29 x vn (IQR 76.9) ed il tempo mediano di normalizzazione degli anti-TTG è risultato essere pari a 14.9 mesi (IQR 14.3). La percentuale di bambini con anticorpi anti-TTG negativi a 1, 2, 3 e 5 anni dalla diagnosi è risultata essere rispettivamente pari al 37 %, 74 %, 92%, e 99 % dei pazienti. La velocità di normalizzazione degli anticorpi anti-TTG non è risultata essere influenzata dai livelli di anticorpi anti-TTG (< vs. > 10 x vn) alla diagnosi (p=0.22) così come l’età alla diagnosi, il sesso, la sintomatologia, la severità istologica di malattia e la metodica analitica utilizzata per la determinazione degli anticorpi anti-TTG (CLIA vs. FEIA) non sono risultati essere fattori predittivi della velocità di normalizzazione degli anti-TTG nel tempo. Conclusioni. Per numerosità, il nostro studio è, ad oggi, il terzo che ha investigato il timing di normalizzazione degli anticorpi anti-TTG nei bambini con celiachia. Lo studio ha dimostrato che, a 3 anni dalla diagnosi, il 90% dei bambini affetti da celiachia presenta una normalizzazione degli anticorpi anti-TTG. Inoltre, la velocità di normalizzazione di questi è indipendente da tutti i parametri analizzati. Sono necessari ulteriori studi prospettici, che prevedano misure oggettive di aderenza alla dieta senza glutine, per confermare i nostri risultati ed ottenere dati standardizzati al fine di guidare il clinico nel follow up dei bambini con celiachia.
ANDAMENTO DEGLI ANTICORPI ANTI-TRANSGLUTAMINASI DOPO AVVIO DI DIETA AGLUTINATA IN BAMBINI AFFETTI DA MALATTIA CELIACA
SCAPOLAN, BEATRICE
2022/2023
Abstract
ABSTRACT (ENGLISH VERSION) Assumptions of the study. To date, the only available therapy for coeliac disease is the gluten-free diet. Normalization of serum anti-transglutaminase IgA (anti-TTG) antibody levels is achieved by excluding gluten from the diet, and monitoring of the antibody title is recommended by international guidelines to document the regression of celiac enteropathy. However, to date, little data on anti-TTG antibodies trends are available for children with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet. Purpose of the study. The aim of our study was to examine the time to anti-TTG normalization and its possible predictors (sex, age, presence of symptoms, severity of histological biopsy, anti-TTG antibody levels at onset and the analytical method used for anti-TTG determination). Materials and methods. A retrospective study was performed including all patients, aged 0-18 years, diagnosed with coeliac disease between January 2010 and July 2022 at the University Hospital of Padua. Patients with proven or probable non-adherence to the gluten-free diet and children with IgA deficiency were excluded from the study. For each patient demographic, clinical, serological (i.e., anti-TTG antibody levels at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years after diagnosis) and histological data were collected as well as information regarding adherence to the gluten-free diet. In order to allow comparison of data obtained by different laboratory methods, anti-TTG antibodies levels were assessed as a multiple of the upper limit of the normality threshold (x nv). Statistical analysis was performed with the R 4.2 software. Results. The study included 315 children (200 females, 115 males) diagnosed with coeliac disease. The median age at diagnosis was 7.1 years (SD 3.9) and the median follow-up time of the patients was 728 days (range 92-2325). Of these, 86.3% were symptomatic at onset, most frequently with gastrointestinal manifestations, poor growth, and anemia. At diagnosis, the median of anti-TTG levels was 18.29 x nv (IQR 76.9) and the median time of anti-TTG normalization was 14.9 months (IQR 14.3). The percentage of children with negative anti-TTG at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after diagnosis was 37%, 74%, 92%, and 99% of patients, respectively. The rate of normalization of anti-TTG antibodies was not influenced by anti-TTG levels at diagnosis (< vs. > 10 x nv; p=0.22). Similarly, age at diagnosis, sex, symptoms, histological severity of disease and the analytical method used for the determination of anti-TTG (CLIA vs. FEIA) were not found to be predictors of the rate of normalization of anti-TTG antibodies over time. Conclusions. Our study is the third largest to date that has investigated the timing of anti-TTG antibodies normalization in children with coeliac disease. The study showed that, at 3 years after diagnosis, 90 % of children with coeliac disease achieve anti-TTG antibodies normalization. Moreover, the rate of normalization of these is independent of all the parameters analyzed. Further prospective studies, including objective measures of adherence to the gluten-free diet, are needed to confirm our results and obtain standardized data to guide the clinician in the follow-up of children with coeliac disease. Our study is the third largest to date that has analyzed the timing of normalization of anti-TTG antibodies in children with coeliac disease. At 3 years after diagnosis, 90% of children with coeliac disease achieve normalization of anti-TTG antibodies. The rate of normalization of these antibodies is independent of all parameters analyzed. Further prospective studies, including objective measures of adherence to the gluten-free diet, are needed to confirm our results and obtain standardized data to guide the physician in the follow-up of children with coeliac disease.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/47040