Introduction: Antibiotics are the most prescribed therapeutic agents in children worldwide, both in hospital and community settings. Nevertheless, research has shown that up to 30,0% of antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary or inappropriate, resulting in many children being administered broad-spectrum antibiotics for viral infectious diseases. This overuse and misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the rise of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing inappropriate antimicrobial use and resistance, improving patient safety, and lowering drug costs. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a multistep antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, in hospitalized pediatric patients, over an eight-year period. The implementation of the antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) aimed at reducing the use of antibiotics of the Watch group, according to the AWaRe classification, without compromising patient outcomes. Materials and methods: This is a quasi-experimental study to assess the variations in antibiotic prescriptions for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections among children admitted to the Pediatric Acute Care Unit of Padua University from October 2014 to December 2022. Starting from October 2015, a multistep stewardship program was implemented in this department. Data on daily antibiotic prescriptions were collected and analyzed using the AWaRe classification. Results: From 1st October 2014 to 31st December 2022, a total of 184 children were admitted to PACU with a diagnosis of skin and soft tissue infection and were thus included in this study. The number of prescriptions for antibiotics from the Watch group decreased over time, from 70,0% of the total during the pre-implementation period to 34,7% in the post-implementation period, reaching an average of 20,0% during the Covid-19 period (p<0,00001). In contrast, the total prescriptions of antibiotics from the Access group, which were initially quite low during the pre-implementation period (30,0% of total prescriptions), gradually increased after the implementation of the antibiotic stewardship program during the post-implementation period, reaching 64,8% of total prescriptions, and further rose to 80,0% during the COVID-19 period (p<0,00001). The 3rd generation cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in children during the pre-implementation period (40,3%), while the combination of amoxicillin + clavulanate and ampicillin + sulbactam represented 3,5% of total prescriptions during the same period. With the implementation of the antibiotic stewardship program, there was a significant shift: amoxicillin + clavulanate and ampicillin + sulbactam accounted for 34,7% of total prescriptions in the post-implementation period, almost doubling during the COVID-19 period (60,7%) (p<0,00001). Conclusions: The introduction of a multi-step antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) has effectively changed the use of antibiotics for skin and soft tissue infections in pediatric patients admitted in Pediatric Acute Care Unit.
Introduzione: Gli antibiotici sono gli agenti terapeutici più comunemente prescritti ai bambini in tutto il mondo, sia in ospedale che in contesti comunitari. Tuttavia, è stato dimostrato che fino al 30,0% delle prescrizioni di antibiotici sono superflue o inappropriate, risultando spesso nell'uso di antibiotici ad ampio spettro per malattie infettive di origine virale. Questo uso improprio degli antibiotici ha contribuito all'aumento della resistenza agli antibiotici. I programmi di Stewardship antibiotica (ASPs) hanno dimostrato la loro efficacia nel ridurre l'uso smodato di antimicrobici, le resistenze e i costi sanitari senza inficiare l’outcome del paziente. Scopo: L’obiettivo principale dello studio era quello di valutare l’impatto di un ASP per il trattamento di infezioni di cute e tessuti molli, in pazienti pediatrici ospedalizzati, in un periodo di otto anni. L’implementazione del programma di gestione della terapia antibiotica, per la gestione delle suddette infezioni, mirava a ridurre l’impiego di antibiotici del gruppo Watch secondo la classificazione AWaRe senza inficiare sull’outcome dei pazienti. Materiali e metodi: Si tratta di uno studio quasi-sperimentale volto a valutare variazioni nella prescrizione di antibiotici per il trattamento di infezioni di cute e tessuti molli, in bambini ricoverati presso il Reparto di Pediatria d’Urgenza dell’Ospedale di Padova da ottobre 2014 a dicembre 2022. Da ottobre 2015 è stata avviata presso il Dipartimento l’implementazione di un ASP multi-intervento. Dati sulla prescrizione giornaliera di antibiotici sono stati raccolti e analizzati seguendo la classificazione AWaRe. Risultati: Dal 1° ottobre 2014 al 31° dicembre 2022, 184 bambini sono stati ricoverati presso la Pediatria d’Urgenza, con diagnosi di infezione di cute e tessuti molli, venendo pertanto inclusi nel nostro studio. Il numero di prescrizioni di antibiotici del gruppo Watch si è ridotto nel corso del tempo, passando dal 70,0% del totale dei pazienti nel periodo pre-implementazione, al 34,7% nel periodo post- implementazione, fino a raggiungere un valore medio pari al 20,0% nel periodo del COVID-19 (p<0,00001). Di contro, le prescrizioni totali di antibiotici del gruppo Access, piuttosto ridotte durante il periodo pre-implementazione (30,0% del totale delle prescrizioni), sono aumentate progressivamente durante il periodo successivo all’avvio del programma di stewardship antibiotica (64,8% delle prescrizioni totali), fino a raggiungere l’80,0% del totale delle prescrizioni durante il periodo Covid-19 (p<0,00001). Le cefalosporine di terza generazione sono state gli antibiotici più utilizzati nel trattamento delle infezioni di cute e tessuti molli nella coorte di pazienti del periodo pre-implementazione (40,3%), mentre, sempre nel primo periodo, le due combinazioni amoxicillina + clavulanato e ampicillina + sulbactam rappresentavano il 3,5% delle prescrizioni totali. Con l’implementazione del programma di stewardship antibiotica la tendenza si è invertita in favore di amoxicillina + clavulanato e ampicillina + sulbactam, le cui prescrizioni raggiungevano il 34,7% delle prescrizioni totali nel periodo post-implementazione, arrivando quasi a raddoppiare nel periodo Covid-19 (60,7%) (p<0,00001). Conclusioni: L’introduzione di programma di stewardship antibiotica ha cambiato efficacemente la prescrizione di antibiotici per le infezioni di cute e tessuti molli in pazienti pediatrici ammessi in Pediatria d’Urgenza.
Impatto di un programma di stewardship antibiotica sulle prescrizioni di antibiotici in bambini con infezione della cute e dei tessuti molli
MATARAZZO, MARTINA
2022/2023
Abstract
Introduction: Antibiotics are the most prescribed therapeutic agents in children worldwide, both in hospital and community settings. Nevertheless, research has shown that up to 30,0% of antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary or inappropriate, resulting in many children being administered broad-spectrum antibiotics for viral infectious diseases. This overuse and misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the rise of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing inappropriate antimicrobial use and resistance, improving patient safety, and lowering drug costs. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a multistep antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, in hospitalized pediatric patients, over an eight-year period. The implementation of the antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) aimed at reducing the use of antibiotics of the Watch group, according to the AWaRe classification, without compromising patient outcomes. Materials and methods: This is a quasi-experimental study to assess the variations in antibiotic prescriptions for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections among children admitted to the Pediatric Acute Care Unit of Padua University from October 2014 to December 2022. Starting from October 2015, a multistep stewardship program was implemented in this department. Data on daily antibiotic prescriptions were collected and analyzed using the AWaRe classification. Results: From 1st October 2014 to 31st December 2022, a total of 184 children were admitted to PACU with a diagnosis of skin and soft tissue infection and were thus included in this study. The number of prescriptions for antibiotics from the Watch group decreased over time, from 70,0% of the total during the pre-implementation period to 34,7% in the post-implementation period, reaching an average of 20,0% during the Covid-19 period (p<0,00001). In contrast, the total prescriptions of antibiotics from the Access group, which were initially quite low during the pre-implementation period (30,0% of total prescriptions), gradually increased after the implementation of the antibiotic stewardship program during the post-implementation period, reaching 64,8% of total prescriptions, and further rose to 80,0% during the COVID-19 period (p<0,00001). The 3rd generation cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in children during the pre-implementation period (40,3%), while the combination of amoxicillin + clavulanate and ampicillin + sulbactam represented 3,5% of total prescriptions during the same period. With the implementation of the antibiotic stewardship program, there was a significant shift: amoxicillin + clavulanate and ampicillin + sulbactam accounted for 34,7% of total prescriptions in the post-implementation period, almost doubling during the COVID-19 period (60,7%) (p<0,00001). Conclusions: The introduction of a multi-step antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) has effectively changed the use of antibiotics for skin and soft tissue infections in pediatric patients admitted in Pediatric Acute Care Unit.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/47424