Background: body dissatisfaction is one of the main risk factors for the onset of eating disorders, and overestimation of body shape or weight is considered one of the central features in the psychopathology of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. In addition, previous studies have identified that dissatisfaction with body shape and weight plays a key role in the maintenance of eating psychopathology and increases the risk of relapse following treatment. Network analysis is a statistical technique that describes the reciprocal relationships between different psychiatric symptoms. Objective: this thesis aims to assess the changes in body image perception among adolescent and adult patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa following residential treatment. Materials and methods: three self-report questionnaires (EDE-Q, SCL-90 and BUT) were administered to 487 female patients, including 170 adolescent patients and 317 adult patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or otherwise specified eating disorder, prior to admission to the hospital (T0) and at discharge (T1). Then network analysis was carried out, considering the variables collected at T0 and T1 on the whole sample, only on the adolescent patients and only on the adult patient group. Results: the network analysis showed that, both considering the whole sample and the two subgroups composed of adolescent and adult patients, the most central and highly interconnected nodes are related to concerns about physical appearance and interpersonal sensitivity. The comparison test performed between the networks at T0 of the two subgroups and between the relative networks at T0 and T1 of the adolescent patient group identified similar overall strength and network invariance, demonstrating the similarity between these structures. The comparison test between entry into the hospital and the end of treatment considering the whole sample shows a significant difference between the structures of the two networks, and in particular a significant difference is observed between the variable fear of being or becoming fat and the variable concerns related to physical appearance. Finally, comparing the networks of the subgroup of adult patients at T0 and T1 shows a difference between global strength and invariance and a significant difference emerges between the variable paranoid ideation and the variable psychoticism. Conclusion: interpersonal sensitivity and concerns related to physical appearance arise to be central nodes in all the networks analyzed, which is why these two variables are determinant aspects of treatment. There are significant differences between the pre- and post-intervention networks of both the whole sample and the adult patient group: this result suggests that treatment has a positive impact on the reduction of psychopathological symptoms related to eating disorders. However, considering the networks related to the subgroup of adolescent patients, no significant differences emerge between the time of hospitalization and the time of discharge.
Presupposti dello studio: l’insoddisfazione corporea è uno dei principali fattori di rischio per l’insorgenza dei disturbi alimentari e la sopravvalutazione della forma e del peso corporeo rappresenta una delle caratteristiche centrali nella psicopatologia dell’anoressia e della bulimia nervosa. Inoltre, precedenti studi hanno identificato che l’insoddisfazione verso forma e peso del corpo svolge un ruolo chiave nel mantenimento della psicopatologia alimentare e aumenta il rischio di ricaduta a seguito del trattamento. Obiettivo: lo scopo di questa tesi è valutare come si modifica la percezione dell’immagine corporea, nelle pazienti adolescenti e in quelle adulte affette da anoressia e bulimia nervosa, a seguito del trattamento residenziale. Materiali e metodi: a 487 pazienti di sesso femminile, di cui 170 pazienti adolescenti e 317 pazienti adulte, con diagnosi di anoressia nervosa, di bulimia nervosa o affette da disturbo alimentare altrimenti specificato, sono stati somministrati tre questionari self-report (EDE-Q, SCL-90 e BUT) prima dell’ingresso in casa di cura (T0) e al momento della dimissione (T1). Successivamente sono state svolte le network analysis, considerando le variabili raccolte al T0 e al T1 su tutto il campione, sulle pazienti adolescenti e sul gruppo di pazienti adulte. Risultati: la network analysis ha mostrato che, sia considerando l’intero campione che i due sottogruppi composti da pazienti adolescenti e adulte, i nodi più centrali e altamente interconnessi sono correlati alle preoccupazioni per l’aspetto fisico e alla sensibilità interpersonale. Il test di confronto svolto tra le reti al T0 dei due sottogruppi (adulti e adolescenti) e tra le reti relative al T0 e al T1 del gruppo di pazienti adolescenti ha identificato una forza globale e un’invarianza di rete simili, dimostrando la somiglianza tra queste strutture. Dal test di confronto tra l’ingresso in casa di cura e il termine del trattamento considerando l’intero campione emerge una differenza significativa tra le strutture delle due network e in particolare si osserva una differenza significativa tra la variabile paura di essere o diventare grassi e la variabile preoccupazioni legate all’aspetto fisico. Infine, confrontando le network del sottogruppo di pazienti adulte al T0 e al T1 si osserva una differenza tra la forza globale e l’invarianza ed emerge una differenza significativa tra la variabile ideazione paranoide e la variabile psicoticismo. Conclusione: la sensibilità interpersonale e le preoccupazioni legate all’aspetto fisico risultano essere nodi centrali in tutte le network analizzate, motivo per il quale queste due variabili rappresentano aspetti determinanti per il trattamento. Si riscontrano differenze significative tra la rete pre e la rete post-intervento sia dell’intero campione sia nel gruppo di pazienti adulte: questo risultato suggerisce che il trattamento ha un impatto positivo sulla riduzione dei sintomi psicopatologici legati ai disturbi alimentari. Invece, considerando le network relative al sottogruppo di pazienti adolescenti non emergono differenze significative tra l’ingresso in casa di cura e il momento della dimissione.
Network analysis nei disturbi alimentari: come si modifica la percezione dell’immagine corporea in adulti e adolescenti durante un percorso residenziale
CUNI, BEATRICE
2022/2023
Abstract
Background: body dissatisfaction is one of the main risk factors for the onset of eating disorders, and overestimation of body shape or weight is considered one of the central features in the psychopathology of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. In addition, previous studies have identified that dissatisfaction with body shape and weight plays a key role in the maintenance of eating psychopathology and increases the risk of relapse following treatment. Network analysis is a statistical technique that describes the reciprocal relationships between different psychiatric symptoms. Objective: this thesis aims to assess the changes in body image perception among adolescent and adult patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa following residential treatment. Materials and methods: three self-report questionnaires (EDE-Q, SCL-90 and BUT) were administered to 487 female patients, including 170 adolescent patients and 317 adult patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or otherwise specified eating disorder, prior to admission to the hospital (T0) and at discharge (T1). Then network analysis was carried out, considering the variables collected at T0 and T1 on the whole sample, only on the adolescent patients and only on the adult patient group. Results: the network analysis showed that, both considering the whole sample and the two subgroups composed of adolescent and adult patients, the most central and highly interconnected nodes are related to concerns about physical appearance and interpersonal sensitivity. The comparison test performed between the networks at T0 of the two subgroups and between the relative networks at T0 and T1 of the adolescent patient group identified similar overall strength and network invariance, demonstrating the similarity between these structures. The comparison test between entry into the hospital and the end of treatment considering the whole sample shows a significant difference between the structures of the two networks, and in particular a significant difference is observed between the variable fear of being or becoming fat and the variable concerns related to physical appearance. Finally, comparing the networks of the subgroup of adult patients at T0 and T1 shows a difference between global strength and invariance and a significant difference emerges between the variable paranoid ideation and the variable psychoticism. Conclusion: interpersonal sensitivity and concerns related to physical appearance arise to be central nodes in all the networks analyzed, which is why these two variables are determinant aspects of treatment. There are significant differences between the pre- and post-intervention networks of both the whole sample and the adult patient group: this result suggests that treatment has a positive impact on the reduction of psychopathological symptoms related to eating disorders. However, considering the networks related to the subgroup of adolescent patients, no significant differences emerge between the time of hospitalization and the time of discharge.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/47731