-Background Ten percent of the no-trauma-related causes for access to the Emergency Department is characterized by chest pain, which makes it a relevant problem in a high-flow of patient hospital, such as Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova (AOPD). Moreover, the heterogeneity of the symptom requires a careful risk stratification of the patient by physicians to precociously rule out potentially lethal causes. Objectives the study aims to describe the current coronary CT angiography (CCTA) role in identifying coronary artery disease (CAD) in patient with acute chest pain and without clinical and instrumental signs of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) or other acute cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, during their diagnostic process in the UOC di Pronto Soccorso of AOPD. Moreover, the objective of the study was to distinguish with CCTA the patients in need of admission for urgent downstream tests from the patients who can be discharged with elective downstream test or a reasonable rule out of relevant CAD. Materials and methods This retrospective observational study includes 300 patient who presented symptoms that can be associated with the wide definition of chest pain and who underwent CCTA during their diagnostic process, in a period between 7th January 2019 and 21st April 2023. The study required the review of DEA report, reports of clinical history in a hospitalization contest, reports of instrumental tests in ER or Recovery Unit, reports of CCTA, possible letters of resignation, reports of invasive coronary angiography (ICA), reports of specialist advice, other official documents useful to reconstruct the medical history of the patient. The CCTA results were divided in negative and different grades of positivity: non-obstructive single-vessel CAD (stenosis < 50%), non-obstructive multivessel CAD, obstructive single-vessel CAD (stenosis ≥ 50%), obstructive multivessel CAD. When the radiologist was not able to assess with certainty the presence of a coronary lesion, due to procedural or imaging processing artifacts, the CCTA was defined “uncertain”. Moreover, the following data were collected: clinical history, including the main cardiovascular risk factors, result of the first ECG in ER, troponin pattern, HEART score, ER result, possible invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Results The prevalence of the main cardiovascular risk factors was calculated, and the patients were divided into two groups base on their HEART score value: 161 (54%) with a low HEART score (≤ 3) and 139 (46%) with a moderate HEART score (4-6). The results of the CCTA showed 154 negative CCTA (53%), of which 98 (64%) with low HEART score and 56 (36%) with moderate HEART score; 135 (47%) positive CCTA, of which 56 (40%) with low HEART score and 79 (60%) with moderate HEART score; 11 uncertain TCC. The patient were divided into two groups based on the value of the first two Troponin measurements, obtaining the following results: 241 patients (92%) in group 1 (both measurements below the upper reference limit), of which 125 (52%) with a negative CCTA and 116 (48%) with a positive CCTA; 22 patients (8%) in group 2 (both measurements above upper reference limit but without significant difference between them), of which 14 (64%) with negative CCTA e 8 (36%) whit positive CCTA. The outcomes of ER resulted in 201 discharges, of which 130 (65%) with low HEART score and 71 (35%) with moderate HEART score; 99 admissions, of which 31 (31%) with low HEAT score and 68 (69%) with moderate HEART score. Between patients with positive CCTA (135), there were 60 discharges (44%) and 75 admissions (56%). In Recovery Units the CCTA showed a Sensibility of about 90% when compared with the gold standard (ICA). Conclusions The CCTA showed a great efficacy on filter visits to the ER, with a reduction of admission number, needed for keeping a high-quality performance in a high-flow of patient ED.
BACKGROUND Il dolore toracico rappresenta approssimativamente il 10% delle cause di accesso in Pronto Soccorso (PS) non correlate a traumi, il che, proiettato nella dimensione di PS ad alto flusso di pazienti come quello dell’Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova (AOPD), lo rende una problematica consistente. Inoltre, l’eterogeneità del sintomo richiede una stratificazione attenta del paziente, da parte dei sanitari, volta ad individuare precocemente cause potenzialmente letali che sottendono a tale presentazione. OBIETTIVI Lo studio è stato condotto con l’obiettivo di descrivere il ruolo attuale della TC coronarica nell’individuazione di coronaropatia in pazienti che accedono con dolore toracico e che non manifestano i segni clinico-laboratoristici e strumentali integrati di SCA o altre patologie cardiovascolari e polmonari acute, nel corso del loro percorso diagnostico nella UOC di Pronto Soccorso dell’AOPD. In secondo luogo, valutare le potenzialità della Tomografia Computerizzata Coronarica (TCC) di discriminare i pazienti da indirizzare ad una ospedalizzazione per approfondimenti diagnostico-terapeutici urgenti da quelli che possono essere dimessi con test diagnostici in elezione o differiti o con ragionevole esclusione di patologia coronarica rilevante. MATERIALI E METODI Il presente è uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo che ha incluso 300 pazienti che manifestavano sintomi riconducibili alla definizione ampia di dolore toracico e che sono stati sottoposti a TC coronarica durante il loro iter diagnostico, in un periodo compreso tra il 7 gennaio 2019 e il 21 aprile 2023. Lo studio è stato condotto mediante la revisione di: verbali DEA, eventuali referti di anamnesi eseguite in regime di ricovero, referti dei test laboratoristici eseguiti in PS ed eventualmente in reparto di degenza, referti di TC coronariche, eventuali lettere di dimissione dal ricovero, referti di Coronarografie, consulenze specialistiche, vari ed eventuali documenti ufficiali utili a ricostruire il quadro clinico del paziente. I risultati della TCC sono stati distinti in negativi e diversi gradi di positività: Monovasale non ostruttiva (Stenosi < 50%), Multivasale non ostruttiva, Monovasale ostruttiva (Stenosi ≥ 50%), Multivasale ostruttiva. Sono state definite dubbie le TCC in cui la presenza di artefatti procedurali e/o di ricostruzione delle immagini non ha consentito al radiologo di esprimersi con certezza sulla presenza di lesioni coronariche. RISULTATI È stata calcolata la prevalenza dei principali FRCV nella popolazione in esame e sono stati stratificati i pazienti in base al valore dell’HEART score. I risultati della TCC hanno evidenziato 154 TCC negative (53%), di cui 98 (64%) con HEART score basso e 56 (36%) con HEART score moderato; 135 TCC positive (47%), di cui 56 (40%) con HEART score basso e 79 (60%) con HEART score moderato e 11 TCC dubbie (4%). Sono stati stratificati i pazienti in due gruppi in base al valore delle prime due misurazioni di Troponina, ottenendo quanto segue: 241 individui (92%) nel gruppo 1 (entrambe le misurazioni al di sotto del range di normalità previsto), di cui 125 (52%) con TCC negativa e 116 (48%) con TCC positiva; 22 (8%) individui nel gruppo 2 (entrambe al di sopra del range di normalità previsto ma senza una differenza tra i due valori significativa), di cui 14 (64%) con TCC negativa e 8 (36%) con TCC positiva. Gli esiti dell’accesso in PS sono risultati in: 201 dimissioni e 99 ricoveri. CONCLUSIONI La TCC ha dimostrato un’ottima efficacia nel filtrare gli accessi in PS, con una riduzione del numero di ricoveri, necessaria per il mantenimento di un’elevata qualità di cure in un PS ad alto flusso di pazienti.
Dolore Toracico in Pronto Soccorso: ruolo della TC coronarica nel workup diagnostico
MORALE, SEBASTIANO
2022/2023
Abstract
-Background Ten percent of the no-trauma-related causes for access to the Emergency Department is characterized by chest pain, which makes it a relevant problem in a high-flow of patient hospital, such as Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova (AOPD). Moreover, the heterogeneity of the symptom requires a careful risk stratification of the patient by physicians to precociously rule out potentially lethal causes. Objectives the study aims to describe the current coronary CT angiography (CCTA) role in identifying coronary artery disease (CAD) in patient with acute chest pain and without clinical and instrumental signs of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) or other acute cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, during their diagnostic process in the UOC di Pronto Soccorso of AOPD. Moreover, the objective of the study was to distinguish with CCTA the patients in need of admission for urgent downstream tests from the patients who can be discharged with elective downstream test or a reasonable rule out of relevant CAD. Materials and methods This retrospective observational study includes 300 patient who presented symptoms that can be associated with the wide definition of chest pain and who underwent CCTA during their diagnostic process, in a period between 7th January 2019 and 21st April 2023. The study required the review of DEA report, reports of clinical history in a hospitalization contest, reports of instrumental tests in ER or Recovery Unit, reports of CCTA, possible letters of resignation, reports of invasive coronary angiography (ICA), reports of specialist advice, other official documents useful to reconstruct the medical history of the patient. The CCTA results were divided in negative and different grades of positivity: non-obstructive single-vessel CAD (stenosis < 50%), non-obstructive multivessel CAD, obstructive single-vessel CAD (stenosis ≥ 50%), obstructive multivessel CAD. When the radiologist was not able to assess with certainty the presence of a coronary lesion, due to procedural or imaging processing artifacts, the CCTA was defined “uncertain”. Moreover, the following data were collected: clinical history, including the main cardiovascular risk factors, result of the first ECG in ER, troponin pattern, HEART score, ER result, possible invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Results The prevalence of the main cardiovascular risk factors was calculated, and the patients were divided into two groups base on their HEART score value: 161 (54%) with a low HEART score (≤ 3) and 139 (46%) with a moderate HEART score (4-6). The results of the CCTA showed 154 negative CCTA (53%), of which 98 (64%) with low HEART score and 56 (36%) with moderate HEART score; 135 (47%) positive CCTA, of which 56 (40%) with low HEART score and 79 (60%) with moderate HEART score; 11 uncertain TCC. The patient were divided into two groups based on the value of the first two Troponin measurements, obtaining the following results: 241 patients (92%) in group 1 (both measurements below the upper reference limit), of which 125 (52%) with a negative CCTA and 116 (48%) with a positive CCTA; 22 patients (8%) in group 2 (both measurements above upper reference limit but without significant difference between them), of which 14 (64%) with negative CCTA e 8 (36%) whit positive CCTA. The outcomes of ER resulted in 201 discharges, of which 130 (65%) with low HEART score and 71 (35%) with moderate HEART score; 99 admissions, of which 31 (31%) with low HEAT score and 68 (69%) with moderate HEART score. Between patients with positive CCTA (135), there were 60 discharges (44%) and 75 admissions (56%). In Recovery Units the CCTA showed a Sensibility of about 90% when compared with the gold standard (ICA). Conclusions The CCTA showed a great efficacy on filter visits to the ER, with a reduction of admission number, needed for keeping a high-quality performance in a high-flow of patient ED.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/47825