In the field of renewable energy sources, pumped hydro represents nowadays a pillar among the available energy storage systems. The most common mechanical equipment adopted in the new generation of storage hydropower plants is represented by pump-turbines preferred to other arrangements due to increased compactness and to better cost-effeteness. In order to fast response to the grid necessity, pump-turbines are typically required to rapidly switch from pumping to turbine mode, and vice versa, also extending the operative limits under off design conditions. However, pump-turbines are characterised by an inherent unstable nature that manifests itself in a typical S-shape machine characteristic curve in the turbine model partial load region. In the first part of the thesis, the results obtained by various investigators in several studies on the S-shaped characteristics are presented and discussed. Particular focus is reported on the analysis of the literature about the influence of the blade load distribution on the unstable behaviour of pump-turbines. Finally, taking as reference a reversible pump turbine geometry of Turbomachinery laboratory of the University of Padua, a Matlab script has been developed in order to obtain the blade loading distribution in turbine mode. In the end, initial hypotheses for future works are presented, that can connect the blade loading distribution with instability phenomena, observed in this model of pump-turbine, operating at partial loads.
Nel settore delle energie rinnovabili, il sistema di pompaggio idroelettrico rappresenta, ai giorni nostri, un pilastro tra gli impianti di accumulo di energia disponibile. Il più comune sistema meccanico adottato per questa nuova generazione di impianti idroelettrici è rappresentato dal modello di pompa-turbina, che si tende a preferire rispetto ad altri sistemi per ragioni di compattezza e migliore economicità. Per essere in linea con la richiesta della rete, le pompe-turbine devono rapidamente cambiare da modalità pompa a modalità turbina, e viceversa, estendendo inoltre i propri limiti operativi in condizioni di fuori progetto. Tuttavia, le pompe-turbine sono caratterizzate da un comportamento instabile che si manifesta nella tipica forma ad S della curva caratteristica in un modello di turbina, operante nella regione ai carichi parziali. Nella prima parte della tesi, vengono riportati e discussi i risultati ottenuti da diversi ricercatori circa gli studi riferiti alla curva caratteristica ad S della macchina. In particolare ci si è concentrati sull’analisi della letteratura riguardo all’influenza del carico palare sul comportamento instabile delle pompe-turbine. Successivamente, prendendo come modello di riferimento la geometria di una pompa-turbina del “Laboratorio di Turbomacchine” dell’Università di Padova, è stato elaborato uno script Matlab in grado di ricavare le curve di carico in modalità turbina. Infine sono state presentate delle ipotesi di partenza per futuri sviluppi, che possano collegare le curve di carico ricavate ai fenomeni di instabilità che si sono riscontrati in questo modello di pompa-turbina, operante ai carichi parziali.
Analisi dell'influenza del carico palare sullo sviluppo dei fenomeni di instabilità fluidodinamica nelle pompe-turbine
SIVIERO, MONICA
2022/2023
Abstract
In the field of renewable energy sources, pumped hydro represents nowadays a pillar among the available energy storage systems. The most common mechanical equipment adopted in the new generation of storage hydropower plants is represented by pump-turbines preferred to other arrangements due to increased compactness and to better cost-effeteness. In order to fast response to the grid necessity, pump-turbines are typically required to rapidly switch from pumping to turbine mode, and vice versa, also extending the operative limits under off design conditions. However, pump-turbines are characterised by an inherent unstable nature that manifests itself in a typical S-shape machine characteristic curve in the turbine model partial load region. In the first part of the thesis, the results obtained by various investigators in several studies on the S-shaped characteristics are presented and discussed. Particular focus is reported on the analysis of the literature about the influence of the blade load distribution on the unstable behaviour of pump-turbines. Finally, taking as reference a reversible pump turbine geometry of Turbomachinery laboratory of the University of Padua, a Matlab script has been developed in order to obtain the blade loading distribution in turbine mode. In the end, initial hypotheses for future works are presented, that can connect the blade loading distribution with instability phenomena, observed in this model of pump-turbine, operating at partial loads.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/47875