Background: Adhesive small bowel obstruction represents one of the most common abdominal surgical emergencies. Its treatment has changed significantly in the past few years. Whereas in the past treatment was mainly surgical, nowadays most of patients are treated conservatively, with a success rate of up to 80%, while urgent surgical treatment is reserved to cases where the condition is complicated by perforation or strangulation. If conservative treatment fails, surgery is required. In one third of the cases surgical intervention is complicated by intraoperative findings of intestinal ischaemia. Aim of the study: This study aims to investigate hematochemical and radiological parameters capable of predicting the presence of intestinal ischemia in adhesive small bowel obstruction, with the purpose of treating without delay patients who are at risk of this complication. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analysed data of all patients operated at the U.O.S.D. of Emergency Surgery AOPD, for small bowel adhesive obstructions, from August 2020 to April 2023. During the study’s period, we performed surgery on 128 patients, 87 of whom were treated by adhesiolysis only (group 1) and 41 in whom intestinal resection was necessary due to the finding of intestinal ischaemia (group 2). The two groups were compared in terms of clinico-pathological factors, haematochemical data and radiological parameters. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with the aim of determining which preoperative parameters were predictive of risk of intestinal ischaemia. Results: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio > 6.8 (OR 2.9, CI 1.41 - 6.21), mesenteric oedema (OR 2.56, CI 1.11 - 5.88), abdominal free fluid (OR 2.64, CI 1.08 - 6.16) and reduced wall enhancement (OR 13.7, CI 3.34 - 63.9) were found to be statistically significantly associated to the presence of intestinal ischaemia. Of these, only NLR >6.8 (OR 5.9, CI 2.2 - 18.16) and reduced wall enhancement (OR 11.23, CI 2.18 - 89.7) proved to be independent predictors of intestinal ischaemia. The association of these two parameters presents a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 98% for the presence of intestinal ischaemia in adhesive small bowel obstructions. Conclusions: A proper identification of patients who may benefit from an early surgical intervention is crucial to reduce the rate of intestinal ischaemia and bowel resection. An NLR >6.8 and reduced wall enhancement in our study have been shown to be predictive of the risk of intestinal ischaemia in adhesive small bowel obstructions and therefore we recommend evaluating them before pursuing a conservative approach.
Introduzione: L'occlusione da sindrome aderenziale del piccolo intestino rappresenta una delle cause più frequenti di urgenze chirurgiche addominali. Il suo trattamento è cambiato drasticamente negli ultimi anni. Mentre in passato il trattamento era prevalentemente chirurgico, attualmente la maggior parte di questi casi vengono gestiti conservativamente, con tassi di successo che arrivano all’80%, riservando la chirurgia urgente solo nei casi di perforazione o franco strangolamento. In caso di fallimento del trattamento conservativo, è richiesto un intervento chirurgico che risulta caratterizzato da riscontro intraoperatorio di ischemia intestinale in circa un terzo dei casi, come complicanza evolutiva del quadro occlusivo. Scopo dello studio: Il presente studio si propone di ricercare parametri clinici, ematochimici e radiologici in grado di predire la presenza di ischemia intestinale nelle occlusioni aderenziali del piccolo intestino, con l'obiettivo di trattare tempestivamente i pazienti a rischio di tale complicanza: in modo da ridurre il tasso o l’estensione delle resezioni intestinali. Materiali e metodi: Abbiamo analizzato retrospettivamente i dati di tutti i pazienti operati presso la U.O.S.D. di Chirurgia D'Urgenza AOPD, per occlusioni aderenziali del piccolo intestino, da Agosto 2020 ad Aprile 2023. Nel periodo di studio, abbiamo operato 128 pazienti, di cui 87 trattati solo mediante adesiolisi (gruppo 1) e 41 in cui si è resa necessaria una resezione intestinale per riscontro di ischemia intestinale (gruppo 2). I due gruppi sono stati confrontati in termini di variabili clinico-patologiche, dati ematochimici e parametri radiologici. È stata eseguita un analisi multivariata di regressione logistica con l'obiettivo di determinare quali parametri preoperatori fossero predittivi di rischio di ischemia intestinale. Risultati: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio > 6.8 (OR 2.9, IC 1.41 – 6.21), edema mesenterico (OR 2.56, IC 1.11 – 5.88), liquidi libero addominale (OR 2.64, IC 1.08 – 6.16) e riduzione dell’enhancement (OR 13.7, IC 3.34 – 63.9) sono risultati associati in maniera statisticamente significativa alla presenza di ischemia intestinale. Di questi solo il Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio > 6.8 (OR 5.9, IC 2.2 – 18.16) e la riduzione dell'ehnancement di parete (OR 11.23, IC 2.18 – 89.7) si sono dimostrati fattori predittivi indipendenti di ischemia intestinale. L'associazione di questi due parametri presenta una sensibilità dell’80% e una specificità del 98% per la presenza di ischemia intestinale nelle occlusioni aderenziali del piccolo intestino
Valutazione del potere predittivo di parametri biochimici e radiologici di ischemia nelle occlusioni aderenziali del piccolo intestino
TURCI, LUCA
2022/2023
Abstract
Background: Adhesive small bowel obstruction represents one of the most common abdominal surgical emergencies. Its treatment has changed significantly in the past few years. Whereas in the past treatment was mainly surgical, nowadays most of patients are treated conservatively, with a success rate of up to 80%, while urgent surgical treatment is reserved to cases where the condition is complicated by perforation or strangulation. If conservative treatment fails, surgery is required. In one third of the cases surgical intervention is complicated by intraoperative findings of intestinal ischaemia. Aim of the study: This study aims to investigate hematochemical and radiological parameters capable of predicting the presence of intestinal ischemia in adhesive small bowel obstruction, with the purpose of treating without delay patients who are at risk of this complication. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analysed data of all patients operated at the U.O.S.D. of Emergency Surgery AOPD, for small bowel adhesive obstructions, from August 2020 to April 2023. During the study’s period, we performed surgery on 128 patients, 87 of whom were treated by adhesiolysis only (group 1) and 41 in whom intestinal resection was necessary due to the finding of intestinal ischaemia (group 2). The two groups were compared in terms of clinico-pathological factors, haematochemical data and radiological parameters. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with the aim of determining which preoperative parameters were predictive of risk of intestinal ischaemia. Results: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio > 6.8 (OR 2.9, CI 1.41 - 6.21), mesenteric oedema (OR 2.56, CI 1.11 - 5.88), abdominal free fluid (OR 2.64, CI 1.08 - 6.16) and reduced wall enhancement (OR 13.7, CI 3.34 - 63.9) were found to be statistically significantly associated to the presence of intestinal ischaemia. Of these, only NLR >6.8 (OR 5.9, CI 2.2 - 18.16) and reduced wall enhancement (OR 11.23, CI 2.18 - 89.7) proved to be independent predictors of intestinal ischaemia. The association of these two parameters presents a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 98% for the presence of intestinal ischaemia in adhesive small bowel obstructions. Conclusions: A proper identification of patients who may benefit from an early surgical intervention is crucial to reduce the rate of intestinal ischaemia and bowel resection. An NLR >6.8 and reduced wall enhancement in our study have been shown to be predictive of the risk of intestinal ischaemia in adhesive small bowel obstructions and therefore we recommend evaluating them before pursuing a conservative approach.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/47987