The Ecuadorian constitution of 2008 represents an important novelty in the panorama of the so-called nuevo constitucionalismo of Latin America, particularly in three areas: the inclusion of a concept of indigenous origin (the "sumak kawsay - buen vivir") in relation to the development model of the State, plurinationality as a paradigm of the relationship between the state and the pre-constitutional indigenous entities and finally the recognition of Nature as a subject with its own rights. Despite the enthusiasm generated in both the political and academic world, the difficulties, divergences and resistances in implementing a real transition towards the model outlined were immediately evident. The paper analyzes the origin of the indigenous concept of "sumak kawsay", its political translation of "buen vivir" and its entry into the Constitution of Ecuador. Moving from this troubled path of emergence, translation and appropriation, its paradoxical consequences will be highlighted. In fact, an alternative idea to the development of Western matrix, based on economic growth, becomes instead, in its distorted form, instrumental to a new period of exploitation and destruction of the environment, within the framework of the so-called neo-extractivism. From the point of view of environmental protection, the paper will examine the state of implementation of the normative provisions in the jurisprudence of the Ecuadorian Constitutional Court. Particular attention will be paid to the role of indigenous nationalities, peoples and communities in the jurisdictional defense of their "ancestral territories", also through the instruments of consultations; to the slow evolution, on the part of the Court itself, of the awareness of the need for a change of perspective in a biocentric sense, indispensable for correctly interpreting the extension of the constitutional provisions on environmental issues, and finally to the regulatory and cultural difficulties that hinder a radical evolution in terms of the effectiveness of the protection.
La costituzione ecuadoriana del 2008 rappresenta un'importante novità nel panorama del c.d. nuevo constitucionalismo latino-americano, particolarmente in tre ambiti: l'inclusione di un concetto di origine indigena (il "sumak kawsay - buen vivir") in relazione al modello di sviluppo dello Stato, la plurinazionalità come paradigma della relazione tra Stato ed entità pre-costituzionali indigene ed infine il riconoscimento della Natura come soggetto titolare di diritti propri. A dispetto dell'entusiasmo generato nel mondo sia politico sia accademico, sono risultate sin da subito evidenti le difficoltà, le divergenze e le resistenze nell'attuazione di una reale transizione verso il modello delineato. L'elaborato analizza l'origine del concetto indigeno di "sumak kawsay", la sua traduzione politica di "buen vivir" ed il suo ingresso nella Costituzione dell'Ecuador. A partire da tale travagliato percorso di emersione, traduzione ed appropriazione, se ne evidenzieranno le conseguenze paradossali, nelle quali un'idea alternativa allo sviluppo di matrice occidentale, fondato sulla crescita economica, diviene, nella sua forma travisata, strumentale invece ad un nuovo periodo di sfruttamento e distruzione dell'ambiente, nel quadro del c.d. neo-estrattivismo. Proprio dal punto di vista della tutela dell'ambiente, si esaminerà lo stato di attuazione delle previsioni normative nella giurisprudenza della Corte Costituzionale ecuadoriana. Particolare attenzione verrà posta sul ruolo di nazionalità, popoli e comunità indigeni nella difesa giurisdizionale dei loro "territori ancestrali", anche attraverso gli strumenti delle consulte; sul lento evolversi, in capo alla Corte stessa, della consapevolezza della necessità di un cambio di prospettiva in senso biocentrico, indispensabile per interpretare correttamente l’estensione delle previsioni costituzionali in tema ambientale, ed infine alle difficoltà normative e culturali che ostacolano un’evoluzione radicale sul piano dell’effettività della tutela.
Sumak kawsay: la tradizione indigena nella giurisprudenza costituzionale ecuadoriana in materia ambientale
FUCA', ALESSIO
2022/2023
Abstract
The Ecuadorian constitution of 2008 represents an important novelty in the panorama of the so-called nuevo constitucionalismo of Latin America, particularly in three areas: the inclusion of a concept of indigenous origin (the "sumak kawsay - buen vivir") in relation to the development model of the State, plurinationality as a paradigm of the relationship between the state and the pre-constitutional indigenous entities and finally the recognition of Nature as a subject with its own rights. Despite the enthusiasm generated in both the political and academic world, the difficulties, divergences and resistances in implementing a real transition towards the model outlined were immediately evident. The paper analyzes the origin of the indigenous concept of "sumak kawsay", its political translation of "buen vivir" and its entry into the Constitution of Ecuador. Moving from this troubled path of emergence, translation and appropriation, its paradoxical consequences will be highlighted. In fact, an alternative idea to the development of Western matrix, based on economic growth, becomes instead, in its distorted form, instrumental to a new period of exploitation and destruction of the environment, within the framework of the so-called neo-extractivism. From the point of view of environmental protection, the paper will examine the state of implementation of the normative provisions in the jurisprudence of the Ecuadorian Constitutional Court. Particular attention will be paid to the role of indigenous nationalities, peoples and communities in the jurisdictional defense of their "ancestral territories", also through the instruments of consultations; to the slow evolution, on the part of the Court itself, of the awareness of the need for a change of perspective in a biocentric sense, indispensable for correctly interpreting the extension of the constitutional provisions on environmental issues, and finally to the regulatory and cultural difficulties that hinder a radical evolution in terms of the effectiveness of the protection.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/48035