Forced migration appears to date as one of the policy areas that have been most evidently shaped by securitization discourses. The issue of refugees and asylum seekers has been presented by politicians and media as a security issue, through the use of discursive strategies and rhetoric narratives that portray forced migrants as threats to, inter alia, the societal identity, cultural cohesion, and welfare systems of receiving nation-states. The presumed existential threat has been employed to legitimize the implementation of measures outside the bounds of regular policies, which appear perplexing when considering the plethora of relevant international obligations that said states have accepted. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been an expansion of the security threat that resulted in the securitization and criminalization of NGOs involved in rescue activities. The purpose of the present thesis is to analyze how securitization has characterized the approach to refugee and asylum policies in Italy, exploring the specific case of the Decree-Law no.1 of January 2, 2023, on the rescue activities of humanitarian ships, and to retrace the construction and evolution of the “refugee threat” in the national context, applying the analytical tools provided by established securitization theories.
La migrazione forzata appare oggi come una delle aree di policy più marcatamente influenzata dai discorsi securitari. La questione dei rifugiati e richiedenti asilo è stata presentata da politici e media come un problema di sicurezza, tramite il ricorso a strategie discorsive e narrative retoriche che ritraggono i migranti forzati come minacce a, inter alia, identità sociale, coesione culturale, e sistemi di welfare degli stati-nazione riceventi. Questa presunta minaccia esistenziale è stata utilizzata per legittimare l’implementazione di misure al di fuori dei limiti delle politiche ordinarie, il che risulta problematico nel momento in cui si considera la pletora di obblighi internazionali rilevanti che questi stati hanno accettato. Peraltro, recentemente, si è assistito ad una espansione della minaccia, risultata nella securitizzazione delle ONG impegnate nelle attività di soccorso. Lo scopo di questa tesi è di analizzare come la securitizzazione caratterizzi l’approccio alle politiche in materia di rifugiati e asilo in Italia, esplorando il caso specifico del Decreto-Legge n.1 del 2 gennaio 2023 riguardante le attività di soccorso delle navi umanitarie, e di ricostruire la formulazione della “minaccia dei rifugiati” nel contesto nazionale, applicando gli strumenti di analisi forniti da diverse consolidate teorie sulla securitizzazione.
Securitizing refugees in Italy: the Decree-Law no.1, January 2, 2023 on the rescue activities of humanitarian ships
MICHELON, ANDREA NELLA
2022/2023
Abstract
Forced migration appears to date as one of the policy areas that have been most evidently shaped by securitization discourses. The issue of refugees and asylum seekers has been presented by politicians and media as a security issue, through the use of discursive strategies and rhetoric narratives that portray forced migrants as threats to, inter alia, the societal identity, cultural cohesion, and welfare systems of receiving nation-states. The presumed existential threat has been employed to legitimize the implementation of measures outside the bounds of regular policies, which appear perplexing when considering the plethora of relevant international obligations that said states have accepted. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been an expansion of the security threat that resulted in the securitization and criminalization of NGOs involved in rescue activities. The purpose of the present thesis is to analyze how securitization has characterized the approach to refugee and asylum policies in Italy, exploring the specific case of the Decree-Law no.1 of January 2, 2023, on the rescue activities of humanitarian ships, and to retrace the construction and evolution of the “refugee threat” in the national context, applying the analytical tools provided by established securitization theories.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/49286