Introduction: Cartilaginous tumors are the most frequent primary bone tumors. From a clinical and radiological point of view, the distinction between enchondroma and low-grade chondrosarcoma is based on size, scalloping and symptoms. Surgical treatment of enchondromas with curettage is indicated only if symptomatic; in atypical cartilaginous tumors, given the uncertain behavior, surgery is debated in the literature. Aim of the study: Evaluate the agreement between the diagnostic hypothesis, the histological examination of the biopsy and the histological examination of the surgical sample. Evaluate the results of the various types of treatment, the incidence of complications and the aggressiveness of atypical cartilages in terms of local recurrence and pulmonary metastases. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective study on patients treated at the Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic of the University Hospital of Padua. Between 2015 and 2022, 114 patients diagnosed on admission with enchondroma and atypical cartilaginous tumor were treated. Of the 114 patients, 72 were male and 42 were female. The average age was 55.3 years. All selected patients underwent biopsy. Results: The diagnostic agreement identified in our study between the initial suspicion and the definitive diagnosis was 85% for enchondromas and 57.4% for atypical cartilaginous tumors. Regarding surgery, of the 114 total patients, 94 were surgically treated. There were 77 curettage, 15 resections and 2 amputations (phalanges of the foot). The mean follow-up of our study was 24 months, with a minimum of 1 month and a maximum of 82 months. As expected, a greater number of complications was observed in resection surgeries (46.6%) than in curettage (14%). There was no case of disease recurrence in the patients surgically treated for enchondroma, while among the patients surgically treated for atypical cartilaginous tumors, there were 2 recurrences 6 and 13 months after the surgery. There were no cases of lung metastases. Conclusions: This study showed that the agreement between the clinical-radiographic diagnostic hypothesis and the definitive diagnosis was high for enchondromas, but not as much for atypical cartilaginous tumors. According to our experience, therefore, the biopsy remains a necessary element in the process leading to the diagnosis of ACT, while it can be avoided in the case of enchondromas. Curettage operations guarantee a better functional outcome and lower incidence of complications than prosthetic resection and reconstruction, therefore should be attempted when feasible.
Introduzione: I tumori di origine cartilaginea sono i tumori ossei primitivi più frequenti. La distinzione tra encondroma e condrosarcoma di basso grado dal punto di vista clinico-strumentale si bassa su dimensione, scalloping e sintomatologia. Il trattamento chirurgico degli encondromi, mediante curettage, è indicato solo se sintomatici; nel caso dei tumori cartilaginei atipici, visto il comportamento incerto, la chirurgia è dibattuta in letteratura. Obiettivo dello studio: Valutare la concordanza tra l’ipotesi diagnostica, l’esame istologico sulla biopsia e l’esame sul campione operatorio. Valutare i risultati dei vari tipi di trattamento, l’incidenza delle complicazioni e l’aggressività dei cartilaginei atipici in termini di recidiva locale e metastasi polmonari. Materiali e metodi: Abbiamo condotto uno studio retrospettivo sui pazienti trattati presso la Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica dell’Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova. Fra il 2015 al 2022 sono stati trattati 114 pazienti con diagnosi all’ingresso di encondroma e tumore cartilagineo atipico. Dei 114 pazienti, 72 erano di sesso maschile e 42 di sesso femminile. L’età media è risultata pari a 55,3 anni. Tutti i pazienti selezionati sono stati sottoposti a biopsia. Risultati: La concordanza diagnostica identificata nel nostro studio tra il sospetto iniziale e la diagnosi definitiva è stata pari all’85% per gli encondromi e al 57,4% per i tumori cartilaginei atipici. Per quanto riguarda la chirurgia, dei 114 pazienti totali, 94 sono stati operati. Gli interventi di curettage sono stati 77, quelli di resezione 15 e 2 amputazioni (falangi del piede). Il follow up medio del nostro studio è stato di 24 mesi, con un minimo di 1 mese e un massimo di 82 mesi. Come atteso è stato osservato un maggior numero di complicanze negli interventi di resezione (46,6%) rispetto agli interventi di curettage (14%). Non vi è stato alcun caso di recidiva di malattia nei pazienti operati per encondroma, mentre tra i pazienti operati di tumore cartilagineo atipico ci sono state 2 recidive a distanza di 6 e 13 mesi dall’intervento. Non ci sono stati casi di metastasi polmonari. Conclusioni: Da questo studio è emerso che la concordanza tra l’ipotesi diagnostica clinica-radiografica e la diagnosi definitiva è risultata elevata per gli encondromi, ma non altrettanto per i tumori cartilaginei atipici. Secondo la nostra esperienza quindi la biopsia resta un elemento necessario nel processo che porta alla diagnosi di TCA, mentre può essere evitata nel caso degli encondromi. Gli interventi di curettage garantiscono un outcome funzionale migliore e incidenza di complicazioni inferiori rispetto alla resezione e ricostruzione protesica, quindi dovrebbero essere tentati quando fattibili.
Tumore cartilagineo atipico (ex condrosarcoma grado I): diagnosi e trattamento e confronto con l'encondroma.
PADOVANI, TOMMASO
2022/2023
Abstract
Introduction: Cartilaginous tumors are the most frequent primary bone tumors. From a clinical and radiological point of view, the distinction between enchondroma and low-grade chondrosarcoma is based on size, scalloping and symptoms. Surgical treatment of enchondromas with curettage is indicated only if symptomatic; in atypical cartilaginous tumors, given the uncertain behavior, surgery is debated in the literature. Aim of the study: Evaluate the agreement between the diagnostic hypothesis, the histological examination of the biopsy and the histological examination of the surgical sample. Evaluate the results of the various types of treatment, the incidence of complications and the aggressiveness of atypical cartilages in terms of local recurrence and pulmonary metastases. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective study on patients treated at the Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic of the University Hospital of Padua. Between 2015 and 2022, 114 patients diagnosed on admission with enchondroma and atypical cartilaginous tumor were treated. Of the 114 patients, 72 were male and 42 were female. The average age was 55.3 years. All selected patients underwent biopsy. Results: The diagnostic agreement identified in our study between the initial suspicion and the definitive diagnosis was 85% for enchondromas and 57.4% for atypical cartilaginous tumors. Regarding surgery, of the 114 total patients, 94 were surgically treated. There were 77 curettage, 15 resections and 2 amputations (phalanges of the foot). The mean follow-up of our study was 24 months, with a minimum of 1 month and a maximum of 82 months. As expected, a greater number of complications was observed in resection surgeries (46.6%) than in curettage (14%). There was no case of disease recurrence in the patients surgically treated for enchondroma, while among the patients surgically treated for atypical cartilaginous tumors, there were 2 recurrences 6 and 13 months after the surgery. There were no cases of lung metastases. Conclusions: This study showed that the agreement between the clinical-radiographic diagnostic hypothesis and the definitive diagnosis was high for enchondromas, but not as much for atypical cartilaginous tumors. According to our experience, therefore, the biopsy remains a necessary element in the process leading to the diagnosis of ACT, while it can be avoided in the case of enchondromas. Curettage operations guarantee a better functional outcome and lower incidence of complications than prosthetic resection and reconstruction, therefore should be attempted when feasible.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/51330