Canine oral melanoma (COM), a tumor arising from melanocytes, is the most common neoplasia in dogs. Older dogs are frequently affected at different anatomical sites, predominantly at the gingival level. It shows aggressive biological behavior, in fact the incidence of metastasis is high with a mean survival time of 2 months. The definitive diagnosis is obtained by immunohistochemistry, a technique that allows, in addition, the evaluation of Ki67 index, a prognostic factor reported in the literature. Currently, the prognostic evaluation is a combination based on: Ki67 index, mitotic count, and bone invasion. However, the results obtained by this combination are not able to completely identify the biological behavior of COM. Angiogenesis plays a fundamental role in tumor growth and in the development of metastasis. Analogously, also epigenetic mechanisms, non-structural modification of gene expression, are considered significant pathogenetic mechanisms involved in neoplastic progression; among these, DNA methylation appears to be one of the most relevant mechanisms involved in the tumor’s development. The goal of this study is to complement previous research aimed to evaluate the role of angiogenesis and DNA methylation as possible prognostic factors, through the investigation of the immunohistochemistry expression of endothelin type B receptor (ETBR) and 5-methylcitosine (5-mC), respectively. For each sample, the percentage of immunoreactive neoplastic cells was quantified. This percentage was compared with the corresponding mean Survival Time (MST) by statistical analysis, considering the MST an index of tumor aggressiveness. Our results showed, as previous evidenced, that ETBR and 5-mC are both expressed by COM. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between these two prognostic factors and the aggressivity of the tumor. Further studies to expand the number of cases will be needed to confirm our results.
Il melanoma orale canino (MOC), un tumore che origina dai melanociti, è la neoplasia orale più comune nel cane. Colpisce generalmente i soggetti anziani in diverse sedi anatomiche, prevalentemente a livello gengivale. Dimostra un comportamento molto aggressivo, infatti, l’incidenza di metastasi risulta elevata con un tempo di sopravvivenza medio di 2 mesi. La diagnosi definitiva si ottiene tramite tecnica immunoistochimica che consente, inoltre, la valutazione di uno tra i fattori prognostici, riportati in letteratura, ovvero l’indice Ki67. La valutazione prognostica attualmente disponibile si basa su una combinazione di: indice Ki67, atipia nucleare, conta mitotica e invasione ossea: tuttavia, i risultati ottenuti con questa combinazione non sono in grado di descrivere il comportamento biologico del MOC. È riconosciuto che l’angiogenesi svolga un ruolo fondamentale per la crescita tumorale e per lo sviluppo di metastasi. Attualmente, anche le alterazioni epigenetiche, ossia le modificazioni di geni non strutturali, sono considerate come meccanismi patogenetici significativi alla base della progressione neoplastica; tra questi la metilazione del DNA sembra essere tra quelli maggiormente rilevanti nello sviluppo del MOC. L’obiettivo di questo studio è quello di ampliare ed integrare una precedente ricerca volta a valutare il ruolo dell’angiogenesi e della metilazione del DNA come possibili fattori prognostici, indagando l’espressione immunoistochimica, rispettivamente, del recettore per l’endotelina di tipo B (ETBR) e di 5-metilcitosina (5-mC). Per ogni campione è stata quantificata la percentuale di cellule neoplastiche immunoreattive. Successivamente tale percentuale è stata confrontata con il corrispettivo tempo medio di sopravvivenza (TSM), considerato come indice di aggressività tumorale, tramite analisi statistica. Dai risultati dello studio si conferma, come già precedentemente evidenziato, che ETBR e 5-mC sono entrambi espressi dal MOC. Tuttavia, non si è dimostrata una correlazione statisticamente significativa tra questi due fattori prognostici e l’aggressività del tumore. Tali dati dovranno essere ulteriormente confermati, ampliando la casistica a disposizione.
Profilo di metilazione ed angiogenesi nel melanoma orale canino: studio immunoistochimico di 5-metilcitosina (5-mC) e recettore di tipo B dell’endotelina (ETBR)
ARDUINI, NICOLE
2022/2023
Abstract
Canine oral melanoma (COM), a tumor arising from melanocytes, is the most common neoplasia in dogs. Older dogs are frequently affected at different anatomical sites, predominantly at the gingival level. It shows aggressive biological behavior, in fact the incidence of metastasis is high with a mean survival time of 2 months. The definitive diagnosis is obtained by immunohistochemistry, a technique that allows, in addition, the evaluation of Ki67 index, a prognostic factor reported in the literature. Currently, the prognostic evaluation is a combination based on: Ki67 index, mitotic count, and bone invasion. However, the results obtained by this combination are not able to completely identify the biological behavior of COM. Angiogenesis plays a fundamental role in tumor growth and in the development of metastasis. Analogously, also epigenetic mechanisms, non-structural modification of gene expression, are considered significant pathogenetic mechanisms involved in neoplastic progression; among these, DNA methylation appears to be one of the most relevant mechanisms involved in the tumor’s development. The goal of this study is to complement previous research aimed to evaluate the role of angiogenesis and DNA methylation as possible prognostic factors, through the investigation of the immunohistochemistry expression of endothelin type B receptor (ETBR) and 5-methylcitosine (5-mC), respectively. For each sample, the percentage of immunoreactive neoplastic cells was quantified. This percentage was compared with the corresponding mean Survival Time (MST) by statistical analysis, considering the MST an index of tumor aggressiveness. Our results showed, as previous evidenced, that ETBR and 5-mC are both expressed by COM. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between these two prognostic factors and the aggressivity of the tumor. Further studies to expand the number of cases will be needed to confirm our results.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/52164