Background. Perilesional edema in patients affected by brain mass lesions is a frequently encountered phenomenon that strongly contributes to neurological signs and symptoms. In brain metastases perilesional edema consists essentially in vasogenic edema that gradually reduces following resection of the bulk tumor, whereas in diffuse gliomas it is infiltrated by neoplastic cells that increase tumor volume. Conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, combined in a multimodal approach, non-invasively characterize perilesional edema. Segmentation techniques, that rely on MRI, allow to measure perilesional edema, providing a volumetric estimate of microscopic neoplasm diffusion. Perilesional edema is usually assessed from multimodal analysis and segmentation only pre-operatively, so its evolution after surgery is still poorly understood. Aim of the study. The aim of this study is to characterize perilesional edema in brain mass lesions pre-operatively, in order to reach a differential diagnosis between vasogenic edema and tumor-infiltrated edema, using multimodal MRI, and to evaluate its changes post-operatively using combined analysis of quantitative parameters obtained with advanced MRI and segmentation techniques. Materials and Methods. Two hundred and thirteen patients, who were diagnosed with a brain mass lesion at Treviso Regional Hospital between January 2020 and August 2023, were prospectively identified. Thirty-two patients with a newly-diagnosed brain mass lesion with perilesional edema, who underwent craniotomy and 3 Tesla MRI before and three months after surgery, were enrolled. MRI analysis was based on conventional MR sequences 3D T1-weighted before and after contrast injection (T1-contrast enhanced, T1-CE), axial T2-weighted and 3D Fluid-attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), and advanced MR sequences of Diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI), used to calculate ADC maps, and Perfusion-weighted Imaging. T1-CE and FLAIR images were used also for segmentation. Results. The ADC ratio in the preoperative perilesional edema of brain metastases was significantly higher than that in glioblastomas (p-value: 0.019). A residual postoperative perilesional edema was consistently present in glioblastomas rather than in brain metastases (p-value: 0.003), which showed a significant reduction of perilesional edema (p-value: 0.0001). The ADC ratio in the postoperative perilesional edema of glioblastomas was significantly higher than it was in brain metastases (p-value: 0.016). Conclusions. Multimodal MRI, especially DWI, is a valuable neuroimaging technique to make a differential diagnosis of perilesional edema pre-operatively. The combined use of quantitative parameters obtained with advanced MRI and segmentation techniques enabled characterization of perilesional edema also post-operatively and quantification of its volumetric changes and possible features of aggressiveness, providing useful information for neuro-oncological patients’ care.
Presupposti dello studio. L’edema perilesionale rappresenta spesso il substrato fisiopatologico delle manifestazioni cliniche per le quali i pazienti con lesioni espansive cerebrali giungono all’attenzione medica. Nelle metastasi cerebrali l’edema è solo di tipo vasogenico e si riduce gradualmente con l’asportazione della massa. Nei gliomi diffusi, invece, esso presenta un esteso infiltrato di cellule neoplastiche, che aumentano il volume stesso della malattia neoplastica. La risonanza magnetica (RM), mediante metodiche di studio convenzionale e avanzato, integrate nell’imaging multimodale, consente di caratterizzare in modo non invasivo l’edema perilesionale. L’applicazione allo studio RM di tecniche di segmentazione permette di quantificarlo, fornendo una stima volumetrica della diffusione microscopica della malattia neoplastica. Ad oggi, tuttavia, l’analisi multimodale e la segmentazione dell’edema perilesionale sono spesso confinate allo studio pre-operatorio, limitando la conoscenza della sua evolutività nella fase post-operatoria. Scopo dello studio. Lo scopo di questo studio è caratterizzare l’edema perilesionale nelle lesioni espansive cerebrali in fase pre-operatoria, facendo diagnosi differenziale tra edema vasogenico e edema infiltrante, mediante l’imaging RM multimodale, nonché indagarne le modifiche in fase post-operatoria attraverso l’analisi integrata dei parametri quantitativi ottenuti dall’imaging RM avanzato e dalle tecniche di segmentazione. Materiali e metodi. Sono stati identificati in maniera prospettica 213 pazienti con diagnosi di lesione espansiva cerebrale, afferiti all’ospedale di Treviso da gennaio 2020 ad agosto 2023. Sono stati arruolati 32 pazienti con lesione espansiva cerebrale, di nuovo riscontro e con edema perilesionale associato, sottoposti a craniotomia e a studio RM 3 Tesla pre-operatorio e post-operatorio a tre mesi dalla chirurgia. È stata condotta un’analisi integrata delle sequenze RM convenzionali T1 isovolumetrica pre- e post-iniezione di mezzo di contrasto (T1-Contrast Enhanced, T1-CE), T2 assiale e FLuid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) isovolumetrica, e delle sequenze RM avanzate di diffusione, dalle quali si sono ottenute le mappe di Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), e di perfusione. Le sequenze isovolumetriche T1-CE e FLAIR sono state utilizzate anche per la segmentazione. Risultati. L’ADC ratio dell’edema perilesionale pre-operatorio era significativamente maggiore nelle metastasi cerebrali rispetto ai glioblastomi (p-value: 0.019). Un edema perilesionale residuo a tre mesi dalla chirurgia era consistentemente presente nei glioblastomi rispetto alle metastasi (p-value: 0.003), nelle quali si è documentata una riduzione significativa e consistente dell’edema (p-value: 0.0001). L’ADC ratio perilesionale post-operatorio era significativamente più elevato nei glioblastomi rispetto alle metastasi cerebrali (p-value: 0.016). Conclusioni. La RM multimodale, in particolare la sequenza di diffusione, rappresenta una tecnica di neuroimaging efficace nella diagnosi differenziale dell’edema perilesionale in fase pre-operatoria. Integrando i parametri quantitativi ottenuti dall’imaging RM avanzato e dalle tecniche di segmentazione, è stato possibile caratterizzare l’edema perilesionale anche in fase post-operatoria e quantificarne le variazioni volumetriche ed eventuali aspetti di maggior aggressività, dati utili per la pianificazione del percorso di cura del paziente neuro-oncologico.
Studio prospettico sull'evolutività dell'edema perilesionale nelle lesioni espansive cerebrali pre- e post-chirurgia: analisi multimodale con tecniche avanzate di neuroimaging
GARDENAL, GRETA
2022/2023
Abstract
Background. Perilesional edema in patients affected by brain mass lesions is a frequently encountered phenomenon that strongly contributes to neurological signs and symptoms. In brain metastases perilesional edema consists essentially in vasogenic edema that gradually reduces following resection of the bulk tumor, whereas in diffuse gliomas it is infiltrated by neoplastic cells that increase tumor volume. Conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, combined in a multimodal approach, non-invasively characterize perilesional edema. Segmentation techniques, that rely on MRI, allow to measure perilesional edema, providing a volumetric estimate of microscopic neoplasm diffusion. Perilesional edema is usually assessed from multimodal analysis and segmentation only pre-operatively, so its evolution after surgery is still poorly understood. Aim of the study. The aim of this study is to characterize perilesional edema in brain mass lesions pre-operatively, in order to reach a differential diagnosis between vasogenic edema and tumor-infiltrated edema, using multimodal MRI, and to evaluate its changes post-operatively using combined analysis of quantitative parameters obtained with advanced MRI and segmentation techniques. Materials and Methods. Two hundred and thirteen patients, who were diagnosed with a brain mass lesion at Treviso Regional Hospital between January 2020 and August 2023, were prospectively identified. Thirty-two patients with a newly-diagnosed brain mass lesion with perilesional edema, who underwent craniotomy and 3 Tesla MRI before and three months after surgery, were enrolled. MRI analysis was based on conventional MR sequences 3D T1-weighted before and after contrast injection (T1-contrast enhanced, T1-CE), axial T2-weighted and 3D Fluid-attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), and advanced MR sequences of Diffusion-weighted Imaging (DWI), used to calculate ADC maps, and Perfusion-weighted Imaging. T1-CE and FLAIR images were used also for segmentation. Results. The ADC ratio in the preoperative perilesional edema of brain metastases was significantly higher than that in glioblastomas (p-value: 0.019). A residual postoperative perilesional edema was consistently present in glioblastomas rather than in brain metastases (p-value: 0.003), which showed a significant reduction of perilesional edema (p-value: 0.0001). The ADC ratio in the postoperative perilesional edema of glioblastomas was significantly higher than it was in brain metastases (p-value: 0.016). Conclusions. Multimodal MRI, especially DWI, is a valuable neuroimaging technique to make a differential diagnosis of perilesional edema pre-operatively. The combined use of quantitative parameters obtained with advanced MRI and segmentation techniques enabled characterization of perilesional edema also post-operatively and quantification of its volumetric changes and possible features of aggressiveness, providing useful information for neuro-oncological patients’ care.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/52801