The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, is a bark beetle vector of the fungus Geosmithia morbida Kolarík et al., the pathogenic agent of the thousand cankers disease. This species, native to Mexico and the south-western United States, was first found in Europe in 2013 in the Veneto Region. This insect poses a serious threat for walnut orchards: for this reason, the two organisms have been placed on EPPO's A2 list. A study conducted for 8 years (2013-2020) in Veneto monitored 106 walnut orchards to detect the presence of the pest and its spread in the Region. With the data collected, it was possible to create a model to estimate the dispersal capacity of the scolitid, the factors influencing it, and the risk of colonisation of healthy walnut orchards based on their characteristics (size, species of walnut trees present and distance from other healthy or infested walnut orchards). The study recorded an average annual dispersal for the species of 9.4 km, with peaks of up to 40 km. Factors influencing the risk of infestation are the distance of the walnut orchard from the nearest infested site, the number of walnut orchards in the surrounding area (both healthy and infested), the size of the walnut orchard, and the species of walnut tree (Juglans regia or J. nigra). For example, a medium-sized Juglans nigra walnut orchard (5000 trees) located at a distance of 25 km from an infested walnut orchard has a 50 % probability of infestation.
Lo scolitide del noce, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, è uno scolitide vettore del fungo Geosmithia morbida Kolarík et al., agente patogeno del cancro del noce. Questa specie, nativa del Messico e del sud-ovest degli Stati Uniti, è stata ritrovata per la prima volta in Europa nel 2013 in Veneto. Questo insetto rappresenta un serio pericolo per la nocicoltura: per questo motivo i due organismi sono stati inseriti nella lista A2 dell’EPPO. Uno studio condotto per 8 anni (2013-2020) in Veneto ha monitorato 106 noceti per rilevare la presenza del parassita e la sua diffusione nella Regione. Coi dati raccolti è stato possibile creare un modello per la stima della capacità di dispersione dello scolitide, i fattori che la influenzano, e il rischio di colonizzazione di noceti sani in base alle loro caratteristiche (dimensioni, specie di noci presenti e distanza da altri noceti sani o infestati). Lo studio ha registrato una media di dispersione annuale per la specie di 9.4 km, con picchi fino a 40 km. I fattori che influenzano il rischio di infestazione sono la distanza del noceto dal sito infestato più vicino, il numero di noceti nei dintorni (sani e infestati), la dimensione del noceto, e le specie di noce che lo compongono (Juglans regia o J. nigra). Ad esempio, un noceto di Juglans nigra di medie dimensioni (5000 piante) situato ad una distanza di 25 km da un noceto infestato, ha una probabilità di infestazione del 50%.
Stima della capacità di diffusione e del rischio di infestazione di Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in Veneto
RAFFAELLI, GIOVANNI
2022/2023
Abstract
The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, is a bark beetle vector of the fungus Geosmithia morbida Kolarík et al., the pathogenic agent of the thousand cankers disease. This species, native to Mexico and the south-western United States, was first found in Europe in 2013 in the Veneto Region. This insect poses a serious threat for walnut orchards: for this reason, the two organisms have been placed on EPPO's A2 list. A study conducted for 8 years (2013-2020) in Veneto monitored 106 walnut orchards to detect the presence of the pest and its spread in the Region. With the data collected, it was possible to create a model to estimate the dispersal capacity of the scolitid, the factors influencing it, and the risk of colonisation of healthy walnut orchards based on their characteristics (size, species of walnut trees present and distance from other healthy or infested walnut orchards). The study recorded an average annual dispersal for the species of 9.4 km, with peaks of up to 40 km. Factors influencing the risk of infestation are the distance of the walnut orchard from the nearest infested site, the number of walnut orchards in the surrounding area (both healthy and infested), the size of the walnut orchard, and the species of walnut tree (Juglans regia or J. nigra). For example, a medium-sized Juglans nigra walnut orchard (5000 trees) located at a distance of 25 km from an infested walnut orchard has a 50 % probability of infestation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/54100