Background. Violence against healthcare professionals is currently a widespread global issue that raises psychosocial concerns due to its emotional and relational consequences for professionals, clinical concerns regarding its impact on patient care, and medical-legal relevance in terms of occupational risk and legal significance. Since 2009, the Ministry of Health has defined aggression against healthcare workers as a 'sentinel event' to be reported according to the valid information flows for other adverse events in healthcare. Available studies concur that this phenomenon affects at least half of healthcare professionals; however, it is a widely held opinion that the available data represent only the tip of the iceberg of a significantly underestimated situation. Purpose. The present study has the following aims: to provide an epidemiological and descriptive overview of violence against healthcare workers in the Padua Hospital, to present and characterize the risk factors associated with the Unit where incidents occur, and finally, to propose actions for improvement and prevention of aggressive behaviors. Methods. The study follows a retrospective-observational approach and focuses on aggressions against healthcare workers by patients and/or attendants at the University Hospital of Padua from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022. The incidents were reported using incident reporting forms, which were collected by the Clinical Risk Unit of the hospital. The data from these incident reports were gathered anonymized in a database. A descriptive analysis of the entire sample was conducted, involving categorical/nominal variables, calculating frequencies, and percentages. Subsequently, the cases that occurred in the ward with the highest number of aggressions were compared to the remaining cases using the chi-squared test for nominal variables. Results. The statistical analysis has highlighted that, in the majority of events, the aggressor is primarily male, the victim is female, and the ward with the highest number of aggressions is psychiatry. The aggressors are typically patients, and nurses are the most affected category. The most common mode of aggression is physical, followed by verbal. In the psychiatric area, compared to other services, there is an even distribution in terms of the gender of the aggressor, a higher percentage of male victims, a lower incidence of verbal aggressions, and a lower impact of favorable environmental factors. Conclusions. The data from the University Hospital of Padua are align with the findings in international literature, which identify a higher number of incidents in psychiatry wards and emergency departments. Similarly, in line with the literature, predominantly nursing staff is involved. Notably, in contrast to other studies, there is a prevalence of physical actions over purely verbal ones in the Padua context. There are differences in the distribution, risk factors, and qualitative aspects of the phenomenon between psychiatric and non-psychiatric services. These differences certainly demand further investigation but provide valuable insights for interpreting the phenomenon.
Contesto. La violenza nei confronti dei professionisti sanitari è un problema attualmente diffuso su scala mondiale che comporta riflessioni di ordine psicosociale per le conseguenze sul piano emotivo e relazionale dei professionisti, di carattere clinico per l’impatto sulla cura dei pazienti e di pertinenza medico-legale per il rischio lavorativo e le rilevanza giuridica. Dal 2009 il Ministero della Salute ha definito l’aggressione contro l’operatore sanitario un “evento sentinella” da segnalare secondo i flussi informativi validi per gli altri eventi avversi in sanità. Gli studi a disposizione sono concordi nel sostenere che il fenomeno coinvolge almeno la metà dei professionisti sanitari; tuttavia, è opinione condivisa che i dati disponibili siano solo la punta dell’iceberg di una situazione fortemente sottostimata. Scopo dello studio. Il presente studio ha i seguenti scopi: fornire un quadro epidemiologico-descrittivo della violenza contro gli operatori sanitari nell’Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, esporre e caratterizzare i fattori di rischio in relazione al reparto di accadimento e, infine, proporre azioni di miglioramento e di prevenzione delle condotte aggressive. Materiali e metodi. Lo studio presenta un disegno di tipo retrospettivo-osservazionale e ha come oggetto le aggressioni nei confronti degli operatori sanitari da parte di pazienti e/o accompagnatori dell’Azienda Ospedale Università Padova nel periodo dal 1° gennaio 2020 al 31 dicembre 2022. Gli eventi in oggetto sono stati segnalati tramite le schede di incident reporting trasmesse alla UOS Rischio Clinico dell’azienda. I dati delle schede di segnalazione sono stati raccolti, previa anonimizzazione, in un database. È stata condotta un'analisi descrittiva dell’intero campione che ha coinvolto le variabili categoriali/nominali calcolandone le frequenze e le percentuali. Successivamente, sono stati confrontati i casi verificatisi nel reparto con più aggressioni con i restanti casi mediante l'utilizzo del test del chi-quadro per le variabili nominali. Risultati. L’analisi statistica ha messo in evidenza che nella globalità degli eventi l’aggressore è principalmente di sesso maschile, la vittima di sesso femminile e il reparto con più aggressioni psichiatria. Gli aggressori sono tipicamente pazienti e gli infermieri sono la categoria più colpita. La modalità di aggressione più rappresentata è quella fisica seguita da quella verbale. L’area psichiatrica in rapporto agli altri servizi presenta equa distribuzione nel sesso dell’aggressore, una maggior percentuale di vittime di sesso maschile, una quota minore di aggressioni verbali e il minor impatto di fattori ambientali favorenti. Conclusioni. I dati dell’Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova confermano e sono coerenti con i risultati della letteratura internazionale nell'identificare una maggiore numerosità di eventi in reparti di psichiatria e nei dipartimenti dell'emergenza. Coerente con la letteratura è parimenti il coinvolgimento del personale in prevalenza infermieristico. Di particolare rilievo è la maggioranza di azioni fisiche rispetto a quelle esclusivamente verbali. Sussistono differenze nella distribuzione, nei fattori di rischio e negli aspetti qualitativi del fenomeno tra i servizi psichiatrici e non psichiatrici. Tali differenze necessitano di un approfondimento ma suggeriscono elementi utili in chiave interpretativa del fenomeno.
Fattori di rischio, aspetti medico-legali e prevenzione della violenza contro i professionisti sanitari. Studio retrospettivo-osservazionale
FERRARI, FEDERICO
2022/2023
Abstract
Background. Violence against healthcare professionals is currently a widespread global issue that raises psychosocial concerns due to its emotional and relational consequences for professionals, clinical concerns regarding its impact on patient care, and medical-legal relevance in terms of occupational risk and legal significance. Since 2009, the Ministry of Health has defined aggression against healthcare workers as a 'sentinel event' to be reported according to the valid information flows for other adverse events in healthcare. Available studies concur that this phenomenon affects at least half of healthcare professionals; however, it is a widely held opinion that the available data represent only the tip of the iceberg of a significantly underestimated situation. Purpose. The present study has the following aims: to provide an epidemiological and descriptive overview of violence against healthcare workers in the Padua Hospital, to present and characterize the risk factors associated with the Unit where incidents occur, and finally, to propose actions for improvement and prevention of aggressive behaviors. Methods. The study follows a retrospective-observational approach and focuses on aggressions against healthcare workers by patients and/or attendants at the University Hospital of Padua from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022. The incidents were reported using incident reporting forms, which were collected by the Clinical Risk Unit of the hospital. The data from these incident reports were gathered anonymized in a database. A descriptive analysis of the entire sample was conducted, involving categorical/nominal variables, calculating frequencies, and percentages. Subsequently, the cases that occurred in the ward with the highest number of aggressions were compared to the remaining cases using the chi-squared test for nominal variables. Results. The statistical analysis has highlighted that, in the majority of events, the aggressor is primarily male, the victim is female, and the ward with the highest number of aggressions is psychiatry. The aggressors are typically patients, and nurses are the most affected category. The most common mode of aggression is physical, followed by verbal. In the psychiatric area, compared to other services, there is an even distribution in terms of the gender of the aggressor, a higher percentage of male victims, a lower incidence of verbal aggressions, and a lower impact of favorable environmental factors. Conclusions. The data from the University Hospital of Padua are align with the findings in international literature, which identify a higher number of incidents in psychiatry wards and emergency departments. Similarly, in line with the literature, predominantly nursing staff is involved. Notably, in contrast to other studies, there is a prevalence of physical actions over purely verbal ones in the Padua context. There are differences in the distribution, risk factors, and qualitative aspects of the phenomenon between psychiatric and non-psychiatric services. These differences certainly demand further investigation but provide valuable insights for interpreting the phenomenon.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/54163