This thesis consists of an empirical research project on the topic of learning assessment in primary schools, which aims to investigate the everyday practices used by teachers, their expertise on the subject and their opinions on the methods and tools provided for in the regulations. The research is structured in an international perspective and it proposes a comparative study that confronts Italy with Belgium and Germany, which have some differences within them due to the autonomy of the Regions. The interest in this investigation arises from the recent change in the national indications for assessment in primary schools: Ministerial Order 172 of 4 December 2020, indeed, replaced numerical grades with descriptive judgements. These judgements refer to the objectives defined at Institute level and reported in the assessment document and they are related to four levels of learning supported by as many dimensions. In this study, assessment is seen as both formative (for learning) and summative (of learning), periodic and final. Recognising the complexity of the issue, this project does not aim to identify which practices are " best practices ", but only to examine how teachers monitor and assess their pupils' learning and how they feel about the models they are asked to use, attempting to find similarities and differences between the three countries. After outlining the normative, pedagogical and docimological framework, overall and with regard to the different realities considered, the methods and results of the research are presented. It involved, for each context, a sample of teachers, to whom an online questionnaire (survey) was submitted, and some privileged witnesses in the field of education, to whom an interview was conducted. The results showed, especially from abroad, a focus on summative and certifiable assessment. On the other hand, however, it also showed a common perspective of many teachers, regardless of their origin, demonstrating the trend of the majority to lean towards a more free and highly formative assessment.
Tale tesi di Laurea rappresenta un lavoro di ricerca sperimentale che ha come tema la valutazione degli apprendimenti nella scuola primaria e che si pone l’obiettivo di indagare le pratiche usate quotidianamente dagli insegnanti, la loro competenza in materia e le loro opinioni sulle modalità e sugli strumenti previsti a livello normativo. La ricerca è strutturata in prospettiva internazionale e propone uno studio comparativo che confronta l’Italia con il Belgio e la Germania, i quali presentano al loro interno alcune differenze dovute all’autonomia delle regioni. L’interesse per questa indagine nasce dalla recente variazione delle indicazioni nazionali relative alla valutazione nella scuola primaria: l’Ordinanza Ministeriale 172 del 4 dicembre 2020, infatti, ha sostituito i voti numerici con i giudizi descrittivi. Tali giudizi si riferiscono agli obiettivi definiti a livello di Istituto e riportati nel documento di valutazione e sono correlati a quattro livelli di apprendimento sorretti da altrettante dimensioni. In questo studio, la valutazione viene intesa sia come formativa (per l’apprendimento) sia come sommativa (dell’apprendimento), periodica e finale. Riconoscendo la complessità dell’argomento, tale progetto non mira a identificare quali siano le pratiche migliori, ma solo ad esaminare come gli insegnanti verifichino e valutino gli apprendimenti dei loro alunni e come percepiscano i modelli che viene loro richiesto di utilizzare, tentando di trovare analogie e differenze tra i tre Paesi. Dopo aver delineato il quadro normativo, pedagogico e docimologico, in generale e rispetto alle diverse realtà considerate, si presentano metodi e risultati della ricerca. Essa ha coinvolto, per ciascun contesto, un campione di insegnanti, ai quali è stato sottoposto un questionario online (survey), e alcune figure privilegiate nel campo dell’istruzione, a cui è stata condotta un’intervista. I risultati hanno mostrato, soprattutto per quanto riguarda l’estero, un’attenzione particolare alla valutazione sommativa e certificativa. D’altra parte, però, ha anche dimostrato una prospettiva che accomuna molti docenti, indipendentemente dalla loro provenienza, dimostrando la tendenza della maggioranza a propendere per una valutazione più libera e altamente formativa.
La valutazione degli apprendimenti nella scuola primaria. Ricerca comparativa tra Belgio, Germania e Italia
TODARO, ALESSANDRO
2022/2023
Abstract
This thesis consists of an empirical research project on the topic of learning assessment in primary schools, which aims to investigate the everyday practices used by teachers, their expertise on the subject and their opinions on the methods and tools provided for in the regulations. The research is structured in an international perspective and it proposes a comparative study that confronts Italy with Belgium and Germany, which have some differences within them due to the autonomy of the Regions. The interest in this investigation arises from the recent change in the national indications for assessment in primary schools: Ministerial Order 172 of 4 December 2020, indeed, replaced numerical grades with descriptive judgements. These judgements refer to the objectives defined at Institute level and reported in the assessment document and they are related to four levels of learning supported by as many dimensions. In this study, assessment is seen as both formative (for learning) and summative (of learning), periodic and final. Recognising the complexity of the issue, this project does not aim to identify which practices are " best practices ", but only to examine how teachers monitor and assess their pupils' learning and how they feel about the models they are asked to use, attempting to find similarities and differences between the three countries. After outlining the normative, pedagogical and docimological framework, overall and with regard to the different realities considered, the methods and results of the research are presented. It involved, for each context, a sample of teachers, to whom an online questionnaire (survey) was submitted, and some privileged witnesses in the field of education, to whom an interview was conducted. The results showed, especially from abroad, a focus on summative and certifiable assessment. On the other hand, however, it also showed a common perspective of many teachers, regardless of their origin, demonstrating the trend of the majority to lean towards a more free and highly formative assessment.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/54830