Biometrics has long been exploited by law enforcement as a useful discipline for searching for the identity of unknown subjects. The advent of automated recognition systems has accelerated the process of technological evolution of biometric sciences. The study aims to analyze the complex relationship between facial recognition software and criminal proceedings, in the hypothesis in which the authorities use it for preventive and repressive purposes. The processing carried out by these instruments concerns biometric data, i.e. a special category of personal data to which Legislative Decree 51/2018 recognizes a particular regulation. The thesis will bring out the potential and critical issues of such an innovation in the criminal procedural field, through a critical study of the applicable discipline and an analysis of the fundamental rights likely to be affected, including the right to personal identity. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis will be proposed, in terms of comparison, between the use by the authorities of the English AFR Locate software and the Italian SARI one. At the end, the need for the preparation of specific regulations regarding automated face recognition will clearly emerge suitable for also identifying the types of crime to which the processing may be applied, in compliance with the protection of the individual and his fundamental freedoms.
La biometria viene da molto tempo sfruttata dalle forze dell’ordine in quanto disciplina utile alla ricerca dell’identità di soggetti sconosciuti. Ad accelerare il processo di evoluzione tecnologica delle scienze biometriche è stato l’avvento dei sistemi di riconoscimento automatizzati. Lo studio si prefigge, in particolare, lo scopo di analizzare il complesso rapporto tra software di riconoscimento facciale e processo penale, nell’ipotesi in cui le autorità se ne servano a scopi preventivi e repressivi. Il trattamento posto in essere da queste strumentazioni ha ad oggetto dati biometrici, ossia una categoria speciale di dati personali alla quale il d.Lgs 51/2018 riconosce una disciplina particolare. L’elaborato farà emergere le potenzialità e le criticità di una tale innovazione in campo processuale penale, attraverso uno studio critico della disciplina applicabile e un’analisi dei diritti fondamentali suscettibili di essere incisi, fra i quali il diritto all’identità personale. Inoltre, verrà proposto un approfondimento, in termini di paragone, tra l’utilizzo da parte delle autorità del software AFR Locate inglese e quello SARI italiano. Al termine, emergerà chiaramente la necessarietà della predisposizione di una regolamentazione specifica in materia di riconoscimento automatizzato del volto idonea ad individuare anche le fattispecie di reato alle quali il trattamento potrà essere applicato, nel rispetto della tutela dell’individuo e delle sue libertà fondamentali.
L'impiego delle tecnologie di riconoscimento facciale per la prevenzione e la repressione dei reati
CAPRIN, MICHELA
2022/2023
Abstract
Biometrics has long been exploited by law enforcement as a useful discipline for searching for the identity of unknown subjects. The advent of automated recognition systems has accelerated the process of technological evolution of biometric sciences. The study aims to analyze the complex relationship between facial recognition software and criminal proceedings, in the hypothesis in which the authorities use it for preventive and repressive purposes. The processing carried out by these instruments concerns biometric data, i.e. a special category of personal data to which Legislative Decree 51/2018 recognizes a particular regulation. The thesis will bring out the potential and critical issues of such an innovation in the criminal procedural field, through a critical study of the applicable discipline and an analysis of the fundamental rights likely to be affected, including the right to personal identity. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis will be proposed, in terms of comparison, between the use by the authorities of the English AFR Locate software and the Italian SARI one. At the end, the need for the preparation of specific regulations regarding automated face recognition will clearly emerge suitable for also identifying the types of crime to which the processing may be applied, in compliance with the protection of the individual and his fundamental freedoms.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/55644