Body image research has a rich history, spanning nearly a century and revealing many insights into its correlates, predictors, consequences, and treatments (Cash, 2004). Upon closer examination, however, much of this history is dominated by a pathology focus that aimed to understand negative body image, particularly body dissatisfaction, but without considering positive body image (Smolak & Cash, 2011; Tylka, 2011, 2012). While body dissatisfaction is characterized by strong concern and dissatisfaction with one's body and weight (von Spreckelsen et al., 2018), positive body image is characterized by the presence of positive views about one's body, acceptance and appreciation of its uniqueness and functionality despite the presence/perception of physical defects (Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015b). Positive and negative body image are two distinct concepts; positive body image is not on the same continuum as negative body image, nor should it be represented as low levels of negative body image (Tylka, 2011, 2012). One eating style often investigated in positive body image studies is intuitive eating (IE). IE is considered an adaptive eating style and is characterized by a strong connection with physiological signals of hunger and satiety and a tendency to eat in response to them (Tylka, 2006). According to some theoretical models, such as the Acceptance Model of Intuitive Eating, some components of positive body image can enhance - and be enhanced by - EI. Interventions based on intuitive eating have been found to be effective in the treatment of Eating Disorders (EDs) (Koller et al., 2019). Eating behavior research has traditionally focused on describing and preventing maladaptive eating, paying less attention to adaptive eating behaviors and attitudes (Tylka & Kroon Van Diest, 2013). Some studies have reported that intuitive eating is associated with lower levels of eating disorders, body image disorders and emotional distress and higher levels of self-esteem, self-satisfaction, life satisfaction, fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity (Bruce & Ricciardelli, 2016; Iannantuono & Tylka, 2012; Linardon et al., 2020; Tylka et al., 2015). A growing number of prospective studies have tested the temporal order of these associations, finding that EI predicts lower levels of eating disorders (Linardon, 2021), issues regarding body image (Messer et al., 2021), and depression (Hazzard et al., 2020) over time.
La ricerca sull’immagine corporea ha una ricca storia, che copre quasi un secolo e rivela molte intuizioni sui suoi correlati, predittori, conseguenze e trattamenti (Cash, 2004). Ad un esame più approfondito, tuttavia, gran parte di questa storia è dominata da un focus sulla patologia che mirava a comprendere l’immagine corporea negativa, in particolare sull’insoddisfazione corporea, senza considerare però l’immagine corporea positiva (Smolak & Cash, 2011; Tylka, 2011, 2012). Mentre l’insoddisfazione corporea è caratterizzata da forte preoccupazione e insoddisfazione nei confronti del proprio corpo e peso (von Spreckelsen et al., 2018), l’immagine corporea positiva è caratterizzata dalla presenza di opinioni positive circa il proprio corpo, dall’accettazione e dall’apprezzamento delle sue unicità e delle funzionalità nonostante la presenza/percezione di difetti fisici (Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015b). Immagine corporea positiva e negativa sono due concetti distinti; l’immagine corporea positiva non si trova sullo stesso continuum di quella negativa, né dovrebbe essere rappresentata come bassi livelli di immagine corporea negativa (Tylka, 2011, 2012). Uno stile di alimentazione spesso indagato negli studi sull’immagine corporea positiva è l’intuitive eating (IE). L’IE è considerato uno stile di alimentazione adattivo ed è caratterizzato da una forte connessione con i segnali fisiologici di fame e sazietà e dalla tendenza a mangiare in risposta a essi (Tylka, 2006). Secondo alcuni modelli teorici, come il Modello di Accettazione dell’Intuitive Eating, alcune componenti dell’immagine corporea positiva possono migliorare – ed essere migliorati da – l’IE. Interventi basati sull’alimentazione intuitiva sono risultati efficaci nel trattamento dei Disturbi dell’Alimentazione (EDs) (Koller et al., 2019). La ricerca sul comportamento alimentare si è tradizionalmente concentrata sulla descrizione e sulla prevenzione di un’alimentazione disadattiva, ponendo meno attenzione ai comportamenti e agli atteggiamenti alimentari adattivi (Tylka & Kroon Van Diest, 2013). Alcuni studi hanno riportato che l’alimentazione intuitiva è associata a livelli più bassi di patologie dell’alimentazione, disturbi dell’immagine corporea e disagio emotivo e a livelli più elevati di autostima, autocompiacimento, soddisfazione della vita, assunzione di frutta e verdura e attività fisica (Bruce & Ricciardelli, 2016; Iannantuono & Tylka, 2012; Linardon et al., 2020; Tylka et al., 2015). Un numero crescente di studi prospettici ha testato l’ordine temporale di queste associazioni, riscontrando che l’IE predice livelli più bassi di patologie dell’alimentazione (Linardon, 2021)), problematiche riguardanti l’immagine corporea (Messer et al., 2021) e depressione (Hazzard et al., 2020) nel tempo.
Il ruolo dell'immagine corporea positiva e negativa e dell'intuitive eating nel rischio di sviluppo di disturbi dell'alimentazione: indagine in un campione di uomini e donne
VERONESE, SERENA
2022/2023
Abstract
Body image research has a rich history, spanning nearly a century and revealing many insights into its correlates, predictors, consequences, and treatments (Cash, 2004). Upon closer examination, however, much of this history is dominated by a pathology focus that aimed to understand negative body image, particularly body dissatisfaction, but without considering positive body image (Smolak & Cash, 2011; Tylka, 2011, 2012). While body dissatisfaction is characterized by strong concern and dissatisfaction with one's body and weight (von Spreckelsen et al., 2018), positive body image is characterized by the presence of positive views about one's body, acceptance and appreciation of its uniqueness and functionality despite the presence/perception of physical defects (Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015b). Positive and negative body image are two distinct concepts; positive body image is not on the same continuum as negative body image, nor should it be represented as low levels of negative body image (Tylka, 2011, 2012). One eating style often investigated in positive body image studies is intuitive eating (IE). IE is considered an adaptive eating style and is characterized by a strong connection with physiological signals of hunger and satiety and a tendency to eat in response to them (Tylka, 2006). According to some theoretical models, such as the Acceptance Model of Intuitive Eating, some components of positive body image can enhance - and be enhanced by - EI. Interventions based on intuitive eating have been found to be effective in the treatment of Eating Disorders (EDs) (Koller et al., 2019). Eating behavior research has traditionally focused on describing and preventing maladaptive eating, paying less attention to adaptive eating behaviors and attitudes (Tylka & Kroon Van Diest, 2013). Some studies have reported that intuitive eating is associated with lower levels of eating disorders, body image disorders and emotional distress and higher levels of self-esteem, self-satisfaction, life satisfaction, fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity (Bruce & Ricciardelli, 2016; Iannantuono & Tylka, 2012; Linardon et al., 2020; Tylka et al., 2015). A growing number of prospective studies have tested the temporal order of these associations, finding that EI predicts lower levels of eating disorders (Linardon, 2021), issues regarding body image (Messer et al., 2021), and depression (Hazzard et al., 2020) over time.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/56064