Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of cereals, particularly wheat, which is one of the most severely affected cereals. In addition to causing significant production and economic losses, it is a human and animal health problem due to the production of harmful mycotoxins. Control of FHB is therefore of paramount importance, particularly in recent years due to the increased incidence of the disease as a result of climate change. Among the control strategies, the use of resistant wheat genotypes appears to be particularly efficient and advantageous. Therefore, the present research focused on the characterisation of a large population of wheat, both common and durum, for the identification of FHB resistant genotypes. A two-pronged approach was used to characterise these genotypes, both from a phenotypic and genotypic point of view. Phenotypic analyses were carried out to assess the incidence and severity of the disease, and visual analyses of the seed were carried out for each genotype. An extensive literature search was also carried out, identifying more than 100 molecular markers useful for resistance to FHB, resistance to rust, another important disease in wheat, and for traits of quality and agronomic interest. These markers will be used in the development of an Agriseq-IonS5 panel for genotyping the wheat population under study. Processing of the data obtained from the phenotypic analyses revealed considerable variability among the common wheat genotypes, making it possible to identify the most disease-resistant genotypes. The results of this study therefore provide a basis for future breeding programmes and may contribute to the development of new resistant wheat varieties.
La fusariosi della spiga, o Fusarium head blight (FHB), è un importante malattia dei cereali e in particolare del frumento, che risulta essere uno dei cereali più colpiti. Questa malattia, oltre a causare importanti perdite produttive ed economiche, rappresenta un problema per la salute dell’uomo e degli animali a causa della produzione di micotossine dannose. La lotta al FHB risulta quindi di fondamentale importanza, in particolare negli ultimi anni, a causa dell’aumento dell’incidenza della malattia dovuto ai cambiamenti climatici. Tra le strategie di controllo risulta particolarmente efficiente e vantaggioso l’utilizzo di genotipi di frumento resistenti. La presente ricerca si è quindi focalizzata sulla caratterizzazione di un’ampia popolazione di frumento, sia tenero che duro, per l’individuazione di genotipi resistenti al FHB. Per la caratterizzazione di questi genotipi è stato applicato un duplice approccio, sia da un punto di vista fenotipico, sia da un punto di vista genotipico. Sono state condotte analisi fenotipiche per valutare l’incidenza e la gravità della malattia e analisi visive dei semi per ciascun genotipo. È stata inoltre condotta una approfondita ricerca bibliografica, grazie alla quale è stato possibile identificare più di 100 marcatori molecolari utili sia per la resistenza al FHB, sia per la resistenza alla ruggine, un’altra malattia importante nel frumento, che per altri caratteri di interesse agronomico. Questi marcatori verranno utilizzati per lo sviluppo di un panel Agriseq-IonS5 per la genotipizzazione della popolazione di frumento oggetto di studio. Dall’elaborazione dei dati ottenuti dalle analisi fenotipiche è emersa una notevole variabilità tra i genotipi di frumento tenero, rendendo così possibile l’individuazione dei genotipi più resistenti alla malattia. I risultati ottenuti durante questo studio rappresentano quindi una base per futuri programmi di miglioramento genetico e potranno contribuire allo sviluppo di nuove varietà di frumento resistenti.
Fusariosi della spiga: caratterizzazione per la resistenza in genotipi di frumento tenero e duro
CAREDDA, FRANCESCA
2022/2023
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of cereals, particularly wheat, which is one of the most severely affected cereals. In addition to causing significant production and economic losses, it is a human and animal health problem due to the production of harmful mycotoxins. Control of FHB is therefore of paramount importance, particularly in recent years due to the increased incidence of the disease as a result of climate change. Among the control strategies, the use of resistant wheat genotypes appears to be particularly efficient and advantageous. Therefore, the present research focused on the characterisation of a large population of wheat, both common and durum, for the identification of FHB resistant genotypes. A two-pronged approach was used to characterise these genotypes, both from a phenotypic and genotypic point of view. Phenotypic analyses were carried out to assess the incidence and severity of the disease, and visual analyses of the seed were carried out for each genotype. An extensive literature search was also carried out, identifying more than 100 molecular markers useful for resistance to FHB, resistance to rust, another important disease in wheat, and for traits of quality and agronomic interest. These markers will be used in the development of an Agriseq-IonS5 panel for genotyping the wheat population under study. Processing of the data obtained from the phenotypic analyses revealed considerable variability among the common wheat genotypes, making it possible to identify the most disease-resistant genotypes. The results of this study therefore provide a basis for future breeding programmes and may contribute to the development of new resistant wheat varieties.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/56117