Italy boasts an extraordinary amount of World Heritage sites, which testify its rich cultural and artistic relevance. However, these sites locate in one of the most seismically active Mediterranean regions. In order to preserve and protect this heritage, deep investigation of the construction process and historical events which determined an actual heritage building needs, enabling the design of realistic structural models to simulate its behavior. The thesis aims to address this challenge by examining the case study of the Church of San Giovanni Evangelista in Castelseprio (VA), an archaeological site which have been listed by UNESCO since 2011 as evidence of the Lombard presence in Italy, along with six other sites. The mutual collaboration of professionals from different research fields, such as archaeologists and engineers, is essential to achieve this goal. The analysis of the historical construction phases of the site was carried out by archaeologists from the Department of Cultural Heritage at the University of Padua, while engineers were responsible for interpreting the structural safety of the building. A systematic diagnostic campaign was conducted to improve the understanding of the ruins of the church. This included sonic tests, endoscopies, analyses of masonry quality, and dynamic identifications on the north perimeter wall and the main apse. The results of on-site tests allowed for a comprehensive study of the building, from individual structural elements to the whole masonry construction, i.e., by evaluating a single masonry unit, the texture of masonry panels on both elevation and section, also by qualifying their internal compactness, and by defining the dynamic behavior of the investigated parts. Specifically, compression tests were conducted on brick specimens to assess their compressive strength; sonic tests characterized the density of a masonry panel, which quality was also analyzed in relation to some qualitative characteristics to obtain mechanical parameters to be employed within a structural model. Lastly, a dynamic identification of the north wall and the apse determined the modal shapes and frequencies of the first three vibration modes. Based on the collected data, two Finite Element Models (FEM) were developed and appropriately calibrated in order to simulate the kinematics of the ruins. Finally, using the calibrated model, the activation of failure mechanisms was verified according to the Italian building codes.
L’Italia vanta uno straordinario numero di siti riconosciuti come patrimonio dell’umanità a testimoniare la sua ricca eredità culturale e artistica, i quali tuttavia sono ubicati in uno degli Stati a maggiore rischio sismico del Mediterraneo. Al fine di preservare e proteggere tale patrimonio, risulta necessario indagare i processi costruttivi e le vicende storiche che hanno generato ciascun manufatto, ciò che permette di creare modelli strutturali che possano simulare in modo realistico il loro comportamento. Questo lavoro di tesi si propone di affrontare tale sfida prendendo in esame il caso studio della chiesa di San Giovanni Evangelista in Castelseprio (VA), sito archeologico individuato, assieme ad altri sei, dall’UNESCO dal 2011, quale testimonianza della presenza longobarda in Italia. A tale scopo, il lavoro congiunto di professionisti afferenti ad ambiti di ricerca eterogenei come archeologi e ingegneri risulta fondamentale. L’indagine sulle fasi storiche di costruzione del sito è stata condotta, quindi, dagli archeologi del Dipartimento di Beni Culturali dell’Università di Padova, mentre agli ingegneri è spettato il compito di interpretare la sicurezza dell’edificio allo stato di fatto. Pertanto, per migliorare il livello di conoscenza dei ruderi della chiesa, è stata svolta una sistematica campagna diagnostica, attraverso prove soniche, endoscopie, analisi di qualità muraria e identificazioni dinamiche sulla parete perimetrale nord e sull’abside maggiore. Le diverse prove condotte in situ hanno permesso uno studio organico dell’edificio: dal singolo elemento resistente, all’apparecchiatura della muratura sia in prospetto che in sezione, dalla compattezza interna fino al comportamento dinamico delle parti dell’edificio oggetto di indagine. Più nel dettaglio, si sono svolti dei test a compressione sui provini ricavati di mattoni per valutarne la resistenza a compressione in relazione all’epoca presunta. Le prove soniche hanno qualificato la compattezza delle murature, mentre l’analisi della qualità muraria ha consentito di ottenere dei parametri meccanici utili per la realizzazione del modello strutturale mediante lo studio qualitativo di alcune porzioni di muratura. Infine, grazie all’identificazione dinamica, si sono potute individuare le forme modali e le frequenze dei primi tre modi di vibrare della parete nord e dell’abside. Dall’analisi dei dati raccolti si sono realizzati due modelli ad elementi finiti (FEM) i quali, opportunamente calibrati sui risultati delle prove dinamiche, hanno permesso di studiare i cinematismi delle pareti in oggetto. Da ultimo, utilizzando il modello calibrato, si è verificata l’attivazione dei cinematismi in relazione alle norme di riferimento nell’ambito delle costruzioni.
Indagini strutturali per la valutazione di vulnerabilità sismica della chiesa di San Giovanni Evangelista nel sito archeologico di Castelseprio (VA)
TAVANO, LORENZO
2022/2023
Abstract
Italy boasts an extraordinary amount of World Heritage sites, which testify its rich cultural and artistic relevance. However, these sites locate in one of the most seismically active Mediterranean regions. In order to preserve and protect this heritage, deep investigation of the construction process and historical events which determined an actual heritage building needs, enabling the design of realistic structural models to simulate its behavior. The thesis aims to address this challenge by examining the case study of the Church of San Giovanni Evangelista in Castelseprio (VA), an archaeological site which have been listed by UNESCO since 2011 as evidence of the Lombard presence in Italy, along with six other sites. The mutual collaboration of professionals from different research fields, such as archaeologists and engineers, is essential to achieve this goal. The analysis of the historical construction phases of the site was carried out by archaeologists from the Department of Cultural Heritage at the University of Padua, while engineers were responsible for interpreting the structural safety of the building. A systematic diagnostic campaign was conducted to improve the understanding of the ruins of the church. This included sonic tests, endoscopies, analyses of masonry quality, and dynamic identifications on the north perimeter wall and the main apse. The results of on-site tests allowed for a comprehensive study of the building, from individual structural elements to the whole masonry construction, i.e., by evaluating a single masonry unit, the texture of masonry panels on both elevation and section, also by qualifying their internal compactness, and by defining the dynamic behavior of the investigated parts. Specifically, compression tests were conducted on brick specimens to assess their compressive strength; sonic tests characterized the density of a masonry panel, which quality was also analyzed in relation to some qualitative characteristics to obtain mechanical parameters to be employed within a structural model. Lastly, a dynamic identification of the north wall and the apse determined the modal shapes and frequencies of the first three vibration modes. Based on the collected data, two Finite Element Models (FEM) were developed and appropriately calibrated in order to simulate the kinematics of the ruins. Finally, using the calibrated model, the activation of failure mechanisms was verified according to the Italian building codes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/56204