INTRODUCTION The advancement of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has led to collaboration with Neurosurgery departments in identifying certain types of target areas. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) treatment is one of the treatments of choice for limiting or completely eliminating the symptoms given by Parkinson's disease. GOALS The goal is to study the target area pre- and post-treatment by creating images that will be processed by a computer called a Neuronavigator. This allows the Neurosurgeon to understand the exact anatomical shape of the patient's brain and the three-dimensional relationship of the encephalic area that is to undergo surgery and the surrounding regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Before the surgical approach to the patient, an Angio-CT is performed, which is used to evaluate the arrangement of the intracranial vessels, and an MRI, throughout 3D T2 FLAIR and 3D T1 sequences, is used to evaluate the encephalic part. On the day of the examination, a helmet will be fixed on the patient's cranial theca, which will serve as a guide for the Neurosurgeon during the procedure and which, based on it and the CT and MRI images fused within the Neuronavigator, will derive the trajectories to be followed for the correct placement of the two microelectrodes, which are subsequently connected to the electrostimulator placed in the subcutis. Once the stereotactic helmet is positioned, the patient is, in fact, subjected to a CT investigation, without the injection of contrast agent. This allows the patient's cranial bone component to be evaluated. The entire surgical procedure is, then, performed, and once completed, an additional follow-up CT investigation is performed to rule out any intracranial hemorrhage that might form as a result of the procedure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Thanks to the pre- and post-surgery CT and MRI acquisitions that allow the Neurosurgeon to locate the target area with extreme precision, this procedure is able to guarantee an improvement for the patient with this pathology, ensuring a better quality of life.
INTRODUZIONE Il progresso della Risonanza Magnetica (RM) ha portato alla collaborazione con i reparti di Neurochirurgia nell’individuazione di alcune tipologie di aree bersaglio. Il trattamento di Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) è uno dei trattamenti di elezione per limitare od annullare del tutto i sintomi dati dal Morbo di Parkinson. OBIETTIVI L’obiettivo è quello di studiare l’area bersaglio pre- e post- trattamento creando immagini che verranno elaborate da un computer denominato Neuronavigatore. Ciò permette al Neurochirurgo di comprendere l'esatta forma anatomica dell’encefalo del paziente ed il rapporto tridimensionale della zona encefalica che va sottoposta ad intervento chirurgico e le regioni limitrofe. MATERIALI E METODI Prima dell’approccio chirurgico al paziente viene effettuata una Angio-TC che serve a valutare la disposizione dei vasi intracranici, ed una Risonanza Magnetica che, tramite sequenze T2 FLAIR 3D e T1 3D, serve per valutare la parte encefalica. Il giorno dell’esame verrà fissato sulla teca cranica del paziente un casco che servirà al Neurochirurgo come guida durante la procedura e che, sulla base di esso e delle immagini TC e RM fuse all’interno del Neuronavigatore, ricaverà le traiettorie da seguire per il corretto posizionamento dei due microelettrodi, successivamente collegati all’elettrostimolatore posizionato nel sottocute. Una volta posizionato il casco stereotassico, il paziente viene sottoposto, infatti, ad un’indagine TC, senza l’iniezione di mezzo di contrasto. Ciò permette di valutare la componente ossea cranica del paziente. Viene, quindi, eseguito tutto l’intervento chirurgico e, una volta concluso, viene effettuata un’ulteriore indagine TC di controllo per escludere eventuali emorragie intracraniche che potrebbero formarsi a causa della procedura. RISULTATI E CONCLUSIONI Grazie alle acquisizioni TC ed RM pre- e post-intervento che permettono al Neurochirurgo di individuare con estrema precisione l’area bersaglio, questa procedura è in grado di garantire un miglioramento al paziente affetto da questa patologia, garantendone una migliore qualità di vita.
Stimolazione Cerebrale Profonda (DBS): Imaging radiologico e ruolo del Tecnico Sanitario di Radiologia Medica
MARON, AURORA
2022/2023
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The advancement of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has led to collaboration with Neurosurgery departments in identifying certain types of target areas. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) treatment is one of the treatments of choice for limiting or completely eliminating the symptoms given by Parkinson's disease. GOALS The goal is to study the target area pre- and post-treatment by creating images that will be processed by a computer called a Neuronavigator. This allows the Neurosurgeon to understand the exact anatomical shape of the patient's brain and the three-dimensional relationship of the encephalic area that is to undergo surgery and the surrounding regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Before the surgical approach to the patient, an Angio-CT is performed, which is used to evaluate the arrangement of the intracranial vessels, and an MRI, throughout 3D T2 FLAIR and 3D T1 sequences, is used to evaluate the encephalic part. On the day of the examination, a helmet will be fixed on the patient's cranial theca, which will serve as a guide for the Neurosurgeon during the procedure and which, based on it and the CT and MRI images fused within the Neuronavigator, will derive the trajectories to be followed for the correct placement of the two microelectrodes, which are subsequently connected to the electrostimulator placed in the subcutis. Once the stereotactic helmet is positioned, the patient is, in fact, subjected to a CT investigation, without the injection of contrast agent. This allows the patient's cranial bone component to be evaluated. The entire surgical procedure is, then, performed, and once completed, an additional follow-up CT investigation is performed to rule out any intracranial hemorrhage that might form as a result of the procedure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Thanks to the pre- and post-surgery CT and MRI acquisitions that allow the Neurosurgeon to locate the target area with extreme precision, this procedure is able to guarantee an improvement for the patient with this pathology, ensuring a better quality of life.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/56954