Background: dental discolorations are an alteration of the color of the tooth surface and they should be divided into two macro-categories: intrinsic pigmentations and extrinsic pigmentations. Among the extrinsic ones we include Black Stain (BS). They occur with a prevalence of 2.4% to 18% with equal distribution between male and female sex. BS represents a problem of aesthetic nature for which there is still no univocal solution. Aim of the study: the aim of this script is to do a literature review to inquire the problem of the Black Stain and their treatment, placing a greater focus on the treatment by lactoferrin. Methods: to conduct this work, a complete and systematic electronic search was carried out in MEDLINE via PUBMED, in the WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases. The full texts of the studies considered for this research were recovered and assessed for suitability. Results: 30 articles on 7044 resulted to be compliant with the given criteria and, therefore, included in this paper. Among them, 6 articles concern the Black Stains treatment, with clinic practice instances. Conclusion: the results of several studies show how lactoferrin is the most satisfactory molecule in reducing the reappearance of Black Stain in the short therm. However, pigmentations frequently recur. The patient can go to the dental office for routine oral hygiene sessions, every 6/8 months, without having to anticipate them to remove stains.
Introduzione: le discromie dentali sono un’alterazione del colore della superficie dentale e si possono dividere in due macrocategorie: pigmentazioni intrinseche e pigmentazioni estrinseche. Tra le estrinseche annoveriamo le Black Stain (BS). Esse si presentano con una prevalenza dal 2,4% al 18% con eguale distribuzione tra il sesso maschile e femminile. Le BS rappresentano un problema di natura estetica per il quale ancora non è presente una soluzione univoca. Scopo dello studio: effettuare una revisione della letteratura per indagare la problematica della Black Stain ed il loro trattamento, ponendo particolare attenzione al trattamento con lattoferrina. Materiali e metodi: per condurre il presente lavoro è stata effettuata una ricerca elettronica completa e sistematica in MEDLINE, tramite PUBMED e nei database WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS e GOOGLE SCHOLAR. I testi integrali degli studi presi in esame sono stati recuperati e valutati per l'idoneità. Risultati: 30 articoli su 7044 presi in esame sono risultati coerenti con i criteri dati e perciò inclusi nel presente elaborato. Di questi, 6 articoli riguardano il trattamento delle Black Stain con esempi di pratica clinica. Conclusioni: i risultati di diversi studi mostrano come la lattoferrina sia la molecola più soddisfacente nella riduzione della ricomparsa delle Black Stain nel breve termine. Tuttavia, le pigmentazioni vanno incontro frequentemente a recidiva. Il paziente può recarsi in studio nelle sedute di igiene orale di routine, ogni 6/8 mesi, senza doverle anticipare per rimuovere le pigmentazioni.
BLACK STAIN E LATTOFERRINA: REVISIONE DELLA LETTERATURA
CAPPELLETTO, SARA
2022/2023
Abstract
Background: dental discolorations are an alteration of the color of the tooth surface and they should be divided into two macro-categories: intrinsic pigmentations and extrinsic pigmentations. Among the extrinsic ones we include Black Stain (BS). They occur with a prevalence of 2.4% to 18% with equal distribution between male and female sex. BS represents a problem of aesthetic nature for which there is still no univocal solution. Aim of the study: the aim of this script is to do a literature review to inquire the problem of the Black Stain and their treatment, placing a greater focus on the treatment by lactoferrin. Methods: to conduct this work, a complete and systematic electronic search was carried out in MEDLINE via PUBMED, in the WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases. The full texts of the studies considered for this research were recovered and assessed for suitability. Results: 30 articles on 7044 resulted to be compliant with the given criteria and, therefore, included in this paper. Among them, 6 articles concern the Black Stains treatment, with clinic practice instances. Conclusion: the results of several studies show how lactoferrin is the most satisfactory molecule in reducing the reappearance of Black Stain in the short therm. However, pigmentations frequently recur. The patient can go to the dental office for routine oral hygiene sessions, every 6/8 months, without having to anticipate them to remove stains.The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/57757