Object: transition from an exclusively milk diet to a solid diet, characterized by the progressive introduction of "complementary foods" is called weaning, and has proven to be a fundamental and particularly decisive period for the child's development and his future health. At the moment, two main weaning methods are identified: classic weaning (TSF), guided by parents, and self-weaning (BLW), characterized by greater autonomy of the child. Methods: through analysis of the scientific literature, the effectiveness and clinical safety of the two methods were evaluated and compared. Then, through an anonymous questionnaire administered to 89 mothers attending birthing class at S. Bassiano Hospital, the approach chosen by the parents, the implementation methods and the child's final compliance were investigated. Results: from the analysis of the literature resulted that the BLW method, and in particular its BLISS variant, could be advantageous for containing the risk of suffocation, promoting conviviality, child's self-regulation and greater variety in the diet. However, there are no clear results regarding the prevention of weight gain and micronutrient deficiencies. The survey revealed that the majority of mothers started weaning with a TSF method with pureed complete mush or blended fruit or yogurt with a teaspoon, and then continued with a BLW method. The information was provided mainly by pediatrician, but often supplemented by unofficial sources (social media, friends, family). The meals offered to the child were balanced in macronutrients in approximately 85% of cases and the importance of self-regulation through hunger and satiety signals was instead recognized by only 78% of parents. Conclusions: at the moment, it’s not possible to determinate which method is the best one, but it has been hypothesized that the combination of both could lead to a responsive eating model with numerous advantages. As regards the survey carried out, a positive role was attributed to conviviality, which brought about improved changes to family nutrition. To obtain greater result it would be necessary to expand the sample by involving a more heterogeneous population (nationality, religion, food choices).
Oggetto: il passaggio da un’alimentazione esclusivamente lattea ad un’alimentazione solida, caratterizzata dalla progressiva introduzione dei cosiddetti “alimenti complementari” è detto divezzamento, e si è dimostrato essere un periodo fondamentale e particolarmente determinante per lo sviluppo del bambino e la sua futura salute. Al momento si identificano due principali metodi di svezzamento: lo svezzamento classico (TSF), guidato dal genitore, e l’autosvezzamento (BLW), caratterizzato da maggior autonomia del bambino. Metodi: tramite analisi della letteratura scientifica si è valutata e confrontata l’efficacia e la sicurezza clinica dei due metodi. Poi, tramite questionario anonimo somministrato ad 89 madri frequentanti i corsi pre-parto presso l’Ospedale S. Bassiano, è stato indagato l’approccio scelto dai genitori, le modalità attuative e la compliance finale del bambino. Risultati: dall’analisi della letteratura è emerso che il metodo BLW, e in particolare la sua variante BLISS, potrebbe essere vantaggioso per contenere il rischio di soffocamento, favorire la convivialità, l’autoregolazione del bambino e la maggior varietà della dieta. Risultati ancora poco certi sono invece stati ottenuti per quanto riguarda la prevenzione dell’aumento di peso e le carenze di micronutrienti. Dall’indagine è emerso che la maggior parte delle mamme ha avviato il divezzamento con un metodo TSF tramite somministrazione con cucchino di pappe complete frullate oppure frutta frullata o yogurt. Le informazioni sono state fornite soprattutto da PLS, ma spesso integrate da fonti non ufficiali (social, amici, familiari). I pasti sono risultati bilanciati nei macronutrienti in circa l’85% dei casi; l’autoregolazione è stata invece riconosciuta solo dal 78% dei genitori. Conclusioni: ad oggi non è possibile determinare se il metodo TSF sia meglio del BWL o viceversa, ma è stato ipotizzato che la combinazione dei due potrebbe portare a un modello di “alimentazione reattiva” con numerosi vantaggi. Per quanto concerne l’indagine svolta un ruolo positivo è stato attribuito alla convivialità, che ha portato modifiche migliorative all’alimentazione familiare. Per ottenere maggiori risultati sarebbe necessario ampliare il campione coinvolgendo una popolazione più eterogenea (nazionalità, religione, scelte alimentari).
Alimentazione complementare tradizionale o autosvezzamento: modalità, rischi e vantaggi. Indagine pilota sul metodo di divezzamento utilizzato da un campione di mamme frequentanti i corsi pre parto presso l’Ospedale San Bassiano (VI).
DE AGNOI, ISABELLA
2022/2023
Abstract
Object: transition from an exclusively milk diet to a solid diet, characterized by the progressive introduction of "complementary foods" is called weaning, and has proven to be a fundamental and particularly decisive period for the child's development and his future health. At the moment, two main weaning methods are identified: classic weaning (TSF), guided by parents, and self-weaning (BLW), characterized by greater autonomy of the child. Methods: through analysis of the scientific literature, the effectiveness and clinical safety of the two methods were evaluated and compared. Then, through an anonymous questionnaire administered to 89 mothers attending birthing class at S. Bassiano Hospital, the approach chosen by the parents, the implementation methods and the child's final compliance were investigated. Results: from the analysis of the literature resulted that the BLW method, and in particular its BLISS variant, could be advantageous for containing the risk of suffocation, promoting conviviality, child's self-regulation and greater variety in the diet. However, there are no clear results regarding the prevention of weight gain and micronutrient deficiencies. The survey revealed that the majority of mothers started weaning with a TSF method with pureed complete mush or blended fruit or yogurt with a teaspoon, and then continued with a BLW method. The information was provided mainly by pediatrician, but often supplemented by unofficial sources (social media, friends, family). The meals offered to the child were balanced in macronutrients in approximately 85% of cases and the importance of self-regulation through hunger and satiety signals was instead recognized by only 78% of parents. Conclusions: at the moment, it’s not possible to determinate which method is the best one, but it has been hypothesized that the combination of both could lead to a responsive eating model with numerous advantages. As regards the survey carried out, a positive role was attributed to conviviality, which brought about improved changes to family nutrition. To obtain greater result it would be necessary to expand the sample by involving a more heterogeneous population (nationality, religion, food choices).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/57820