BACKGROUND: Non-specific Chronic Spinal Pain is one of the most frequent reasons for consulting the physiotherapist in primary care. Identifying the main mechanism of pain that contributes to the clinical presentation of these patients has a critical role in selecting the appropriate treatment, whereas some patients may benefit more from centrally targeted rather than peripheral treatments. In this regard, Pain Neuroscience Education was born with the purpose of guiding the remodulation of the central mechanisms of nociceptive processing, in a biopsychosocial perspective. OBJECTIVE: Compare the rehabilitation proposals of Pain Neuroscience Education and the Back School in the group management of patients suffering from non-specific Chronic Spinal Pain, compared to pain, physical function and pain cognitions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The thesis project was conducted at the U.O.C. RRF - P.O. of Vittorio Veneto and De Gironcoli Hospital. The two interventions have maintained the same structure divided into theoretical and practical. The following outcomes were investigated: pain intensity (NPRS), physical function (ODI and 30-s CST) and pain cognition in terms of central sensitization level, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophization and self-efficacy (CSI, TSK, PCS and PSEQ). RESULTS: From mid-May until the end of July 2023, 27 patients with non-specific Chronic Spinal Pain were treated, divided into the Pain Neuroscience Education group (16 patients) and the Back School group (11 patients). Patients were evaluated pre-treatment (T0), post-treatment (T1) and follow-up to 1 month (T2), the latter via Google Modules. Both therapeutic proposals have brought clinically significant changes in the reduction of pain intensity and disability and in the improvement of self-efficacy. The PNE has brought about a significant reduction in the levels of central sensitization, albeit with minimal difference compared to the BS group. There were no significant differences in the reduction of kinesiophobia levels and the catastrophization of pain. CONCLUSION: This study underlines the importance of a careful evaluation guided by clinical reasoning for the identification of the most appropriate treatment, which can guide the construction of more homogeneous treatment groups. Furthermore, knowledge of more therapeutic approaches could bring better benefit in target patients.
INTRODUZIONE: Il non-specific Chronic Spinal Pain è una tra le più frequenti ragioni di consultazione del fisioterapista nell’assistenza primaria. Identificare il principale meccanismo del dolore che contribuisce alla presentazione clinica di questi pazienti ha un ruolo fondamentale nella selezione del trattamento appropriato, considerando che alcuni pazienti potrebbero beneficiare maggiormente da trattamenti con target centrali, piuttosto che periferici. A tal proposito, la Pain Neuroscience Education nasce con il proposito di guidare la rimodulazione dei meccanismi centrali di elaborazione nocicettiva, in ottica biopsicosociale. OBIETTIVO: Confrontare le proposte riabilitative della Pain Neuroscience Education e della Back School nella gestione in gruppo dei pazienti affetti da non-specific Chronic Spinal Pain, rispetto a dolore, funzione fisica e cognizioni sul dolore. MATERIALI E METODI: Il progetto di tesi è stato condotto presso l’U.O.C. RRF – P.O. di Vittorio Veneto e Ospedale De Gironcoli. Sono stati programmati i due interventi che hanno mantenuto la medesima struttura suddivisa in parte teorica e pratica. Sono stati indagati i seguenti outcomes: intensità del dolore (NPRS), funzione fisica (ODI e 30-s CST) e cognizioni sul dolore in termini di livello di sensibilizzazione centrale, kinesiofobia, catastrofizzazione del dolore e selfefficacy (CSI, TSK, PCS e PSEQ). RISULTATI: A partire da metà maggio fino a fine luglio 2023 sono stati trattati 27 pazienti con non-specific Chronic Spinal Pain, suddivisi nel gruppo di Pain Neuroscience Education (16 pazienti) e nel gruppo Back School (11 pazienti). I pazienti sono stati valutati pre-trattamento (T0), post-trattamento (T1) e al follow-up ad 1 mese (T2), quest’ultimo tramite Google Moduli. Entrambe le proposte terapeutiche hanno apportato cambiamenti clinicamente rilevanti nella riduzione dell’intensità del dolore e della disabilità e nel miglioramento della self-efficacy. La PNE ha apportato significativa riduzione dei livelli di sensibilizzazione centrale, seppur con differenza minima rispetto al gruppo BS. Non si sono rilevate differenze significative nella riduzione dei livelli di kinesiofobia e catastrofizzazione del dolore. CONCLUSIONE: Il presente studio sottolinea l’importanza di un’attenta valutazione guidata dal ragionamento clinico per l’individuazione del trattamento più appropriato, la quale può orientare la costruzione di gruppi di trattamento più omogenei. Inoltre, la conoscenza di più approcci terapeutici potrebbe apportare miglior beneficio in pazienti target.
Effetti del modello Pain Neuroscience Education rispetto al modello Back School nella gestione del paziente con non-specific Chronic Spinal Pain
GIORA, CECILIA
2022/2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-specific Chronic Spinal Pain is one of the most frequent reasons for consulting the physiotherapist in primary care. Identifying the main mechanism of pain that contributes to the clinical presentation of these patients has a critical role in selecting the appropriate treatment, whereas some patients may benefit more from centrally targeted rather than peripheral treatments. In this regard, Pain Neuroscience Education was born with the purpose of guiding the remodulation of the central mechanisms of nociceptive processing, in a biopsychosocial perspective. OBJECTIVE: Compare the rehabilitation proposals of Pain Neuroscience Education and the Back School in the group management of patients suffering from non-specific Chronic Spinal Pain, compared to pain, physical function and pain cognitions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The thesis project was conducted at the U.O.C. RRF - P.O. of Vittorio Veneto and De Gironcoli Hospital. The two interventions have maintained the same structure divided into theoretical and practical. The following outcomes were investigated: pain intensity (NPRS), physical function (ODI and 30-s CST) and pain cognition in terms of central sensitization level, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophization and self-efficacy (CSI, TSK, PCS and PSEQ). RESULTS: From mid-May until the end of July 2023, 27 patients with non-specific Chronic Spinal Pain were treated, divided into the Pain Neuroscience Education group (16 patients) and the Back School group (11 patients). Patients were evaluated pre-treatment (T0), post-treatment (T1) and follow-up to 1 month (T2), the latter via Google Modules. Both therapeutic proposals have brought clinically significant changes in the reduction of pain intensity and disability and in the improvement of self-efficacy. The PNE has brought about a significant reduction in the levels of central sensitization, albeit with minimal difference compared to the BS group. There were no significant differences in the reduction of kinesiophobia levels and the catastrophization of pain. CONCLUSION: This study underlines the importance of a careful evaluation guided by clinical reasoning for the identification of the most appropriate treatment, which can guide the construction of more homogeneous treatment groups. Furthermore, knowledge of more therapeutic approaches could bring better benefit in target patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/58536