Introduction: Stroke is one of the main causes of death all over the world and the main cause of chronic disability in adults leading to sensory motor dysfunction that is responsible for alterations of walking kinematics and reduction of movement autonomy. Objective: To evaluate the state of the art of the literature about the use of water-walking based interventions in stroke rehabilitation. Material and methods: A review was conducted, following the PRISMA 2020 checklist and guidelines, in four databases, PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, EBSCO – CINAHL, and on the ResearchGate site. The research lasted from May to September 2023. The study eligibility criteria were established according to the PICO model. The population included stroke survivor patients who underwent water-walking interventions. All the studies included in the review were RCTs in English language. The study selection process has been manual, without the use of automation tools. The variables investigated included walking ability, cardiopulmonary fitness, balance, functional capacities and muscular strength. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Results: 6027 articles were screened and 11 RCTs were included in the review after the selection process. The full sample included 247 stroke survivor patients, aged between 35 and 77, mostly in chronic stage (more than six months after stroke). Water-walking based interventions included water walking in a pool and water walking on a treadmill. Most of the participants underwent traditional rehabilitation in addition to water-walking based interventions. Conclusions: Research about water-walking based interventions, isolated from other interventions, is extremely limited. The use of this rehabilitation tool seems to improve clinical conditions of patients but not necessarily more than traditional rehabilitation. However, the combination of traditional rehabilitation and water-walking based interventions could be useful to obtain a greater improvement in patients’ clinical conditions. The main obstacles to consider are the high costs of construction and maintenance of facilities where water-walking based interventions could be carried out and their limited availability in some territories. Therefore, future studies are necessary in order to generalize more effectively the obtained results.
Introduzione: L’ictus è una delle cause di morte più frequenti al mondo e la causa principale di disabilità cronica nell’adulto comportando deficit senso motori che causano alterazioni della cinematica del cammino e riduzione dell’autonomia nel movimento. Obiettivo: L’obiettivo di questo progetto di tesi è valutare lo stato dell’arte in letteratura per quanto riguarda l’efficacia del cammino in acqua come strumento riabilitativo nel paziente con esiti di ictus. Materiali e metodi: È stata condotta una revisione, seguendo la checklist PRISMA 2020, all’interno di quattro banche dati, PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, EBSCO – CINAHL, e sulla piattaforma ResearchGate. La ricerca è stata svolta da Maggio a Settembre 2023. I criteri di eleggibilità sono stati definiti seguendo il modello PICO. La popolazione inclusa ha compreso pazienti con esiti di ictus a cui fosse stato somministrato il cammino in acqua come trattamento riabilitativo. Tutti gli studi inclusi nella revisione sono RCT in lingua inglese. Il processo di selezione degli articoli è stato svolto manualmente, senza l’utilizzo di programmi informatici. Le variabili indagate all’interno degli studi sono state il cammino, la salute cardiorespiratoria, l’equilibrio, le capacità funzionali e la forza. È stata svolta una valutazione metodologica della qualità degli studi inclusi utilizzando lo strumento del Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Risultati: La ricerca ha prodotto 6027 risultati dei quali, dopo il processo di selezione, 11 articoli sono stati inclusi nella revisione. La popolazione totale degli studi comprende 247 pazienti di età compresa tra 35 e 77 anni, tutti con esiti di ictus. La maggior parte dei pazienti si trovava in condizione cronica (oltre sei mesi dall’evento) quando è stato condotto lo studio di riferimento. Le attività riabilitative proposte ai pazienti sono state di cammino in acqua o cammino su treadmill in acqua. Nella quasi totalità degli studi, oltre all’intervento indagato, i partecipanti svolgevano anche attività di riabilitazione convenzionale. Conclusioni: L’attività di cammino in acqua, considerata in modo isolato, è indagata in letteratura in modo estremamente limitato. L’utilizzo di tale strumento sembra apportare dei miglioramenti nelle condizioni cliniche dei pazienti ma non necessariamente superiori alla riabilitazione convenzionale. La combinazione di cammino in acqua e riabilitazione convenzionale potrebbe garantire migliori risultati per i pazienti. Un ostacolo da considerare riguarda gli elevati costi di realizzazione e mantenimento di impianti dove poter svolgere tale attività riabilitativa e la disponibilità limitata degli stessi in alcuni territori. Sono necessari ulteriori studi in modo da poter generalizzare in modo più efficace i risultati ottenuti.
IL CAMMINO IN ACQUA NELLA RIABILITAZIONE DEL PAZIENTE CON ESITI DI ICTUS: REVISIONE DELLA LETTERATURA
PASTRES, ALBERTO
2022/2023
Abstract
Introduction: Stroke is one of the main causes of death all over the world and the main cause of chronic disability in adults leading to sensory motor dysfunction that is responsible for alterations of walking kinematics and reduction of movement autonomy. Objective: To evaluate the state of the art of the literature about the use of water-walking based interventions in stroke rehabilitation. Material and methods: A review was conducted, following the PRISMA 2020 checklist and guidelines, in four databases, PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, EBSCO – CINAHL, and on the ResearchGate site. The research lasted from May to September 2023. The study eligibility criteria were established according to the PICO model. The population included stroke survivor patients who underwent water-walking interventions. All the studies included in the review were RCTs in English language. The study selection process has been manual, without the use of automation tools. The variables investigated included walking ability, cardiopulmonary fitness, balance, functional capacities and muscular strength. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Results: 6027 articles were screened and 11 RCTs were included in the review after the selection process. The full sample included 247 stroke survivor patients, aged between 35 and 77, mostly in chronic stage (more than six months after stroke). Water-walking based interventions included water walking in a pool and water walking on a treadmill. Most of the participants underwent traditional rehabilitation in addition to water-walking based interventions. Conclusions: Research about water-walking based interventions, isolated from other interventions, is extremely limited. The use of this rehabilitation tool seems to improve clinical conditions of patients but not necessarily more than traditional rehabilitation. However, the combination of traditional rehabilitation and water-walking based interventions could be useful to obtain a greater improvement in patients’ clinical conditions. The main obstacles to consider are the high costs of construction and maintenance of facilities where water-walking based interventions could be carried out and their limited availability in some territories. Therefore, future studies are necessary in order to generalize more effectively the obtained results.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/58541