Arsenic in Food: Chronology of Development of Rules and Regulations

This thesis explores the pervasive issue of arsenic contamination in food, focusing on its impact on public health within the European Union (EU). It begins with a comprehensive introduction to arsenic, covering its properties, common uses, various exposure routes, and its presence in the environment. Notably, the thesis examines arsenic's occurrence in drinking water, air, soil, and sediments, along with its presence in food items. The toxicity of arsenic to humans is also scrutinized, encompassing both acute and chronic health effects. The research's objectives and aims are detailed, emphasizing the significance of a thorough understanding of arsenic contamination in the food supply chain, with a specific focus on the regulatory framework within the EU. The thesis further delves into the domain of food contaminants management in the EU. It investigates the definition of 'Food' under Regulation EC 178/2002, elucidating its scope and exclusions, thereby providing insight into the boundaries of EU food safety regulations. The role of risk analysis in EU food safety and contaminant regulations is highlighted, underscoring the importance of robust safety measures. Additionally, the study examines the pivotal role played by the European Commission in regulating food safety and contaminants within the European Union. Furthermore, it explores the contributions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in assessing and mitigating food contaminants. The research also considers the influence of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in shaping food safety regulations and conducting contaminant assessments. In summary, this thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of arsenic contamination in food and its intersection with EU food safety regulations. By shedding light on these critical aspects, the research aims to contribute to the improvement of food safety standards and the safeguarding of public health in the European Union.