The worldwide cultivation of pomegranate is constantly growing, with an average annual production since 2009 exceeding 3 million tons. Globally there are many cultivars of commercial interest, including Wonderful, the most cultivated for fresh consumption. However, pomegranate cultivation has to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. In this work, the effectiveness of the biological fungicide Amylo-X, based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, has been evaluated against the pathogens Coniella granati and Phytophthora palmivora under abiotic stress conditions. In particular, the two pathogens were inoculated alone or in combination on pomegranate plants previously treated with Amylo-X and subjected to different regimes of irrigation (normal irrigation, drought or submersion). During the experiment, growth of buds and basal diameter, stomatic conductance and, at the end of the experiment, the extent of lesions caused by pathogens were measured. The results obtained showed that Amylo-X is effective in reducing the extent of lesions produced by P. palmivora (both when inoculated alone and in combination with C. granati) on pomegranate plants subjected to normal irrigation and submersion. In drought conditions a further reduction in the length of the lesions produced by P. palmivora was observed. In addition, Amylo-X was found to cancel the additive effect caused by the presence of P. palmivora on the length of the lesions caused by C. granati under normal irrigation and drought conditions, but not under stress from submersion. Finally, both types of water stress have reduced the growth of basal diameters and shoots. In light of the results obtained, Amylo-X seems to be an effective treatment in reducing the lesions caused by C. granati and P. palmivora on pomegranate in different conditions of water stress.
La coltivazione mondiale del melograno è in continua crescita, con una produzione media annua dal 2009 superiore a 3 milioni di tonnellate. A livello globale esistono molte cultivar di interesse commerciale, tra cui Wonderful, la più coltivata per il consumo fresco. Tuttavia, la coltivazione del melograno deve far fronte a stress biotici e abiotici. In questo lavoro è stata valutata l’efficacia del fungicida biologico Amylo-X, a base di Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, nei confronti dei patogeni Coniella granati e Phytophthora palmivora in condizioni di stress abiotico. In particolare, i due patogeni sono stati inoculati da soli o in combinazione su piante di melograno precedentemente trattate con Amylo-X e sottoposte a diversi regimi di irrigazione (normale irrigazione, siccità o sommersione). Durante l’esperimento è stata misurato l’accrescimento dei germogli e del diametro basale, la conduttanza stomatica e, a fine esperimento, l’estensione delle lesioni causate dai patogeni. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato che Amylo-X è efficace nel ridurre l’estensione delle lesioni prodotte da P. palmivora (sia quando inoculato da solo che in combinazione con C. granati) sulle piante di melograno sottoposte a normale irrigazione e sommersione. In condizioni di siccità è stata osservata un’ulteriore riduzione della lunghezza delle lesioni prodotte da P. palmivora. Inoltre, Amylo-X è risultato in grado di annullare l’effetto additivo determinato dalla presenza di P. palmivora sulla lunghezza delle lesioni causate da C. granati in condizioni di normale irrigazione e siccità, ma non in condizioni di stress da sommersione. Infine, entrambe le tipologie di stress idrico hanno ridotto l’accrescimento dei diametri basali e dei germogli. Alla luce dei risultati ottenuti, Amylo-X sembra un trattamento efficace nel ridurre le lesioni causate da C. granati e P. palmivora su melograno in diverse condizioni di stress idrico.
Efficacia di trattamenti di biocontrollo con Bacillus amyloliquefacens su melograno contro i patogeni Coniella granati e Phytophthora palmivora in diverse condizioni di stress abiotico
BENVENUTI, FEDERICO
2022/2023
Abstract
The worldwide cultivation of pomegranate is constantly growing, with an average annual production since 2009 exceeding 3 million tons. Globally there are many cultivars of commercial interest, including Wonderful, the most cultivated for fresh consumption. However, pomegranate cultivation has to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. In this work, the effectiveness of the biological fungicide Amylo-X, based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, has been evaluated against the pathogens Coniella granati and Phytophthora palmivora under abiotic stress conditions. In particular, the two pathogens were inoculated alone or in combination on pomegranate plants previously treated with Amylo-X and subjected to different regimes of irrigation (normal irrigation, drought or submersion). During the experiment, growth of buds and basal diameter, stomatic conductance and, at the end of the experiment, the extent of lesions caused by pathogens were measured. The results obtained showed that Amylo-X is effective in reducing the extent of lesions produced by P. palmivora (both when inoculated alone and in combination with C. granati) on pomegranate plants subjected to normal irrigation and submersion. In drought conditions a further reduction in the length of the lesions produced by P. palmivora was observed. In addition, Amylo-X was found to cancel the additive effect caused by the presence of P. palmivora on the length of the lesions caused by C. granati under normal irrigation and drought conditions, but not under stress from submersion. Finally, both types of water stress have reduced the growth of basal diameters and shoots. In light of the results obtained, Amylo-X seems to be an effective treatment in reducing the lesions caused by C. granati and P. palmivora on pomegranate in different conditions of water stress.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/59115