In recent decades, alpacas (Vicugna pacos) have become increasingly widespread in Europe and their social role is growing stronger. As a result, it is becoming increasingly common for this animal species to require the intervention of veterinarians, who often have to resort to sedatives/tranquilizers in order to manipulate, contain, or perform medical or surgical procedures. The aim of this research was to evaluate the clinical effects and quality of two intramuscularly administered sedation protocols (detomidine-butorphanol-midazolam and detomidine-butorphanol-azaperone) in 16 adult male alpacas undergoing orchidectomy in the field. The animals were divided equally into two groups: group "a" received detomidine (0.07 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.07 mg/kg), and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg), while group"b" received detomidine (0.07 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.07 mg/kg), and azaperone (0.3 mg/kg). The trend of physiological parameters, such as heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), blood pressure (mean arterial pressure MAP, systolic arterial pressure SAP, and diastolic arterial pressure DAP), body temperature (°C), oxygen saturation percentage (SpO2), and expired carbon dioxide concentration (EtCO2), was assessed during sedation. Additionally, the oxygenation status was also assessed through arterial blood gas analysis in each animal during sedation. Physiological parameters and oxygenation status were stable and within reference ranges for this animal species throughout sedation in all animals. No statistically significant differences in vital parameters over time were observed within any group. However, statistically significant differences in the value of certain respiratory (EtCO2, SpO2, RR) and cardiovascular (DAP, MAP) parameters emerged between the two groups. The difference in respiratory parameters could be attributable to a mild and clinically non-significant respiratory depression in group "a", while the difference in cardiovascular parameters could be due to the vasodilatory effect of azaperone. Both protocols resulted in good and comparable sedation quality, maintenance and recovery, and no peri-operative complications were recorded. In conclusion, both protocols proved suitable for sedation for the surgical procedure in the field.
Negli ultimi decenni, gli alpaca (Vicugna pacos) si stanno diffondendo sempre di più in Europa e il loro ruolo sociale si sta rafforzando. Di conseguenza, sta diventando sempre più comune per questa specie animale l’intervento del medico veterinario, che spesso deve ricorrere a sedativi/tranquillanti per poter manipolare, contenere o eseguire delle procedure mediche o chirurgiche. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è stato quello di valutare gli effetti clinici e la qualità di due protocolli di sedazione somministrati per via intramuscolare (detomidina-butorfanolo-midazolam e detomidina-butorfanolo-azaperone), in 16 alpaca adulti maschi sottoposti ad orchiectomia in campo. Gli animali sono stati suddivisi equamente in due gruppi: il gruppo “a” ha ricevuto detomidina (0,07 mg/kg), butorfanolo (0,07 mg/kg) e midazolam (0,1 mg/kg), mentre al gruppo “b” sono stati somministrati detomidina (0,07 mg/kg), butorfanolo (0,07 mg/kg) e azaperone (0,3 mg/kg). È stato valutato l’andamento durante la sedazione dei parametri fisiologici, come la frequenza cardiaca (HR), la frequenza respiratoria (RR), la pressione sanguigna (pressione arteriosa media MAP, pressione arteriosa sistolica SAP e la pressione arteriosa diastolica DAP), la temperatura corporea (°C), la percentuale di emoglobina saturata con l’ossigeno (SpO2) e la concentrazione di anidride carbonica espirata (EtCO2). Durante la sedazione, è stato inoltre valutato lo stato di ossigenazione attraverso un emogas analisi arterioso in ogni animale. I parametri fisiologici e lo stato di ossigenazione sono risultati stabili ed entro i range di riferimento per questa specie animale nel corso della sedazione in tutti gli animali. Non sono state rilevate differenze statisticamente significative dei parametri vitali nel tempo all’interno di nessun gruppo. Tra i due gruppi sono emerse delle differenze statisticamente significative nel valore di alcuni parametri respiratori (EtCO2, SpO2, RR) e cardiovascolari (DAP, MAP). La differenza dei parametri respiratori potrebbe essere imputabile ad una lieve e non clinicamente rilevante depressione respiratoria nel gruppo “a”, mentre la differenza nei parametri cardiovascolari potrebbe essere attribuibile all’effetto vasodilatorio dell’azaperone. I due protocolli hanno esitato in buone e comparabili qualità di sedazione, mantenimento e risveglio, e non sono state registrate complicazioni peri-operatorie. In conclusione, tutti e due i protocolli si sono dimostrati adeguati alla sedazione per la procedura chirurgica in campo.
Valutazione delle combinazioni Detomidina-Butorfanolo-Midazolam e Detomidina-Butorfanolo-Azaperone per la sedazione in campo degli alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
RITONDO, MARCELLA
2022/2023
Abstract
In recent decades, alpacas (Vicugna pacos) have become increasingly widespread in Europe and their social role is growing stronger. As a result, it is becoming increasingly common for this animal species to require the intervention of veterinarians, who often have to resort to sedatives/tranquilizers in order to manipulate, contain, or perform medical or surgical procedures. The aim of this research was to evaluate the clinical effects and quality of two intramuscularly administered sedation protocols (detomidine-butorphanol-midazolam and detomidine-butorphanol-azaperone) in 16 adult male alpacas undergoing orchidectomy in the field. The animals were divided equally into two groups: group "a" received detomidine (0.07 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.07 mg/kg), and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg), while group"b" received detomidine (0.07 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.07 mg/kg), and azaperone (0.3 mg/kg). The trend of physiological parameters, such as heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), blood pressure (mean arterial pressure MAP, systolic arterial pressure SAP, and diastolic arterial pressure DAP), body temperature (°C), oxygen saturation percentage (SpO2), and expired carbon dioxide concentration (EtCO2), was assessed during sedation. Additionally, the oxygenation status was also assessed through arterial blood gas analysis in each animal during sedation. Physiological parameters and oxygenation status were stable and within reference ranges for this animal species throughout sedation in all animals. No statistically significant differences in vital parameters over time were observed within any group. However, statistically significant differences in the value of certain respiratory (EtCO2, SpO2, RR) and cardiovascular (DAP, MAP) parameters emerged between the two groups. The difference in respiratory parameters could be attributable to a mild and clinically non-significant respiratory depression in group "a", while the difference in cardiovascular parameters could be due to the vasodilatory effect of azaperone. Both protocols resulted in good and comparable sedation quality, maintenance and recovery, and no peri-operative complications were recorded. In conclusion, both protocols proved suitable for sedation for the surgical procedure in the field.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/59151