Wildlife plays an important role in the spread and maintenance of various diseases. Monitoring of wild species is crucial given the reservoir role they assume in relation to diseases that are relevant from a health perspective (Guberti et al., 2014). In this study, 150 intestines from carcasses of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) sampled in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano were analyzed. Fecal samples from each intestine were analyzed using two copro-microscopic techniques, the classic flotation technique and the filtration and sieving technique followed by multiplex PCR (CMPCR). In parallel, the "Scraping Filtration and Counting Technique" (SFCT) associated with molecular technique was performed on the intestines to confirm the morphological identification of some cestodes. The results of the SFCT were used both to perform an ecological analysis of the helminth fauna of the small intestine, and as a standard to compare methods and calculate the sensitivity of the copro-microscopic techniques. The ecological analysis allowed for a descriptive statistic of the helminth population. Several epidemiological indices were calculated for each of the detected taxa: prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance, relative abundance, and the K parameter. In addition, an analysis of the differences between groups was carried out to assess the influence of age, sex, season, and geographical area on both prevalence and abundance values of individual taxa. The comparison between methods was carried out by calculating the concordance between the prevalence results obtained from different techniques. Subsequently, the sensitivity of the copro-microscopic techniques was calculated using the SFCT as a standard. The results of this study offer a picture of the intestinal helminth fauna of the foxes in the province and the diagnostic techniques that can be used in monitoring the same. The information collected can help in the choice of the technique to apply in the field, highlighting the advantages, disadvantages, and sensitivity of the different methods.
La fauna selvatica gioca un importante ruolo nella diffusione e nel mantenimento di diverse malattie. Il monitoraggio delle specie selvatiche è fondamentale visto il ruolo di reservoir che assumono nei confronti di malattie rilevanti dal punto di vista sanitario (Guberti et al., 2014). In questo studio sono stati analizzati 150 intestini provenienti da carcasse di volpi rosse (Vulpes vulpes), campionate nella Provincia autonoma di Bolzano. Per ogni intestino sono stati analizzati dei campioni di feci utilizzando due tecniche copro-microscopiche, la tecnica di flottazione classica e la tecnica di filtrazione e setacciamento seguita da multiplex PCR (CMPCR). In parallelo sugli intestini è stata eseguita la “Scraping Filtration and Counting Technique” (SFCT) associata a tecnica molecolare, per confermare l’identificazione morfologica di alcuni cestodi. I risultati della SFCT sono stati utilizzati sia per fare un’analisi ecologica dell’elminto-fauna dell’intestino tenue, sia come standard per fare un confronto tra metodiche e calcolare la sensibilità delle tecniche copro-microscopiche. L’analisi ecologica ha consentito di effettuare una statistica descrittiva della popolazione elmintica. Sono stati calcolati diversi indici epidemiologici per ognuno dei taxa rilevati: prevalenza, intensità media, abbondanza media, abbondanza relativa e il parametro K. Inoltre, è stata effettuata un’analisi delle differenze tra gruppi per valutare l’influenza di età, sesso, stagione e area geografica sui valori di prevalenza e abbondanza dei singoli taxa. Il confronto tra metodiche è stato eseguito calcolando la concordanza tra i risultati di prevalenza ottenuti dalle diverse tecniche. Successivamente è stata calcolata la sensibilità delle tecniche copro-microscopiche utilizzando la SFCT come standard. I risultati di questo studio offrono un quadro dell’elminto-fauna intestinale delle volpi della provincia e delle tecniche diagnostiche utilizzabili nel monitoraggio della stessa. Le informazioni raccolte possono aiutare nella scelta della tecnica da applicare in campo, mettendo in risalto vantaggi, svantaggi e sensibilità delle diverse metodiche.
Studio della comunità elmintica intestinale della popolazione di volpi della Provincia di Bolzano
ZARANTONELLO, ANNA
2022/2023
Abstract
Wildlife plays an important role in the spread and maintenance of various diseases. Monitoring of wild species is crucial given the reservoir role they assume in relation to diseases that are relevant from a health perspective (Guberti et al., 2014). In this study, 150 intestines from carcasses of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) sampled in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano were analyzed. Fecal samples from each intestine were analyzed using two copro-microscopic techniques, the classic flotation technique and the filtration and sieving technique followed by multiplex PCR (CMPCR). In parallel, the "Scraping Filtration and Counting Technique" (SFCT) associated with molecular technique was performed on the intestines to confirm the morphological identification of some cestodes. The results of the SFCT were used both to perform an ecological analysis of the helminth fauna of the small intestine, and as a standard to compare methods and calculate the sensitivity of the copro-microscopic techniques. The ecological analysis allowed for a descriptive statistic of the helminth population. Several epidemiological indices were calculated for each of the detected taxa: prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance, relative abundance, and the K parameter. In addition, an analysis of the differences between groups was carried out to assess the influence of age, sex, season, and geographical area on both prevalence and abundance values of individual taxa. The comparison between methods was carried out by calculating the concordance between the prevalence results obtained from different techniques. Subsequently, the sensitivity of the copro-microscopic techniques was calculated using the SFCT as a standard. The results of this study offer a picture of the intestinal helminth fauna of the foxes in the province and the diagnostic techniques that can be used in monitoring the same. The information collected can help in the choice of the technique to apply in the field, highlighting the advantages, disadvantages, and sensitivity of the different methods.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/59154