Aflatoxins are a group of substances produced by the secondary metabolism of fungal species belonging to the genus Aspergillus, in particular A. flavus and A. parasiticus. These fungi are capable of contaminating many plant and food products: one of the most frequently contaminated both in the field and post-harvest is corn, if environmental or storage conditions are favorable to the development of the fungus. Aflatoxins are thermostable molecules, which means that processing processes carried out on plant products and foodstuffs do not lead to a significant decrease in the total content of these metabolites. Although A. flavus and A. parasiticus only produce aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, the paper will focus more on aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which is produced in the liver of animals fed aflatoxin B1-contaminated feed and is responsible for the contamination of dairy food. Contamination by AFM1 has increased in recent years as climatic conditions are changing, becoming more favorable to the development of the fungus. At the European level, there are already legal limits for the maximum aflatoxin content in foodstuffs, as continuous intake can lead to chronic toxicity and create serious problems for human health. It is therefore important to find new methods to decrease aflatoxin levels without affecting the nutritional and organoleptic quality of the food. This paper will discuss a new milk detoxification strategy using high voltage cold atmospheric plasma (HVACP), a new non-thermal technology. This treatment is able to reduce milk contamination significantly (up to more than 80%), while maintaining the quality and organoleptic characteristics of the milk almost constant.
Le aflatossine sono un gruppo di sostanze prodotte dal metabolismo secondario di specie fungine appartenenti al genere Aspergillus, in particolare A. flavus e A. parasiticus. Questi funghi sono in grado di contaminare molti prodotti vegetali e alimentari: uno dei più frequentemente contaminati sia in campo che in post-raccolta è il mais, se le condizioni ambientali o di stoccaggio sono favorevoli allo sviluppo del fungo. Le aflatossine sono delle molecole termostabili, questo significa che i processi di lavorazione effettuati sui prodotti vegetali e sugli alimenti non comportano una diminuzione significativa del contenuto totale di questi metaboliti. Sebbene A. flavus e A. parasiticus producano solo aflatossine B1, B2, G1 e G2, nell’elaborato si parlerà maggiormente dell’aflatossina M1 (AFM1), prodotta nel fegato di animali alimentati con mangimi contaminati da aflatossina B1 e responsabile della contaminazione degli alimenti lattiero-caseari. Negli ultimi anni le contaminazioni da parte di AFM1 sono aumentate, in quanto le condizioni climatiche stanno cambiando, diventando più favorevoli allo sviluppo del fungo. A livello europeo sono già presenti dei limiti di legge per quanto riguarda il tenore massimo di aflatossine nei prodotti alimentari, in quanto l’assunzione continua può portare a tossicità cronica e creare gravi problemi alla salute umana. Importante è quindi trovare dei nuovi metodi per diminuire i livelli di aflatossine senza andare ad incidere sulla qualità nutrizionale e organolettica dell’alimento. In questo elaborato verrà trattata una nuova strategia di detossificazione del latte mediante l’utilizzo di plasma freddo atmosferico ad alta tensione (HVACP), ovvero una nuova tecnologia non termica. Questo trattamento è in grado di ridurre la contaminazione del latte in modo significativo (fino a più dell’80%), pur mantenendo pressoché costanti la qualità e le caratteristiche organolettiche del latte.
Aflatossina M1: nuovo metodo di detossificazione del latte mediante utilizzo di plasma freddo atmosferico ad alta tensione (HVACP)
ZANELLA, GIULIA
2022/2023
Abstract
Aflatoxins are a group of substances produced by the secondary metabolism of fungal species belonging to the genus Aspergillus, in particular A. flavus and A. parasiticus. These fungi are capable of contaminating many plant and food products: one of the most frequently contaminated both in the field and post-harvest is corn, if environmental or storage conditions are favorable to the development of the fungus. Aflatoxins are thermostable molecules, which means that processing processes carried out on plant products and foodstuffs do not lead to a significant decrease in the total content of these metabolites. Although A. flavus and A. parasiticus only produce aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, the paper will focus more on aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which is produced in the liver of animals fed aflatoxin B1-contaminated feed and is responsible for the contamination of dairy food. Contamination by AFM1 has increased in recent years as climatic conditions are changing, becoming more favorable to the development of the fungus. At the European level, there are already legal limits for the maximum aflatoxin content in foodstuffs, as continuous intake can lead to chronic toxicity and create serious problems for human health. It is therefore important to find new methods to decrease aflatoxin levels without affecting the nutritional and organoleptic quality of the food. This paper will discuss a new milk detoxification strategy using high voltage cold atmospheric plasma (HVACP), a new non-thermal technology. This treatment is able to reduce milk contamination significantly (up to more than 80%), while maintaining the quality and organoleptic characteristics of the milk almost constant.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/59248