The possibility of producing new biomaterials capable of minimizing the accumulation of petroleum-based products and valorising agro-industrial waste is directing scientific research towards advanced materials based on fungal mycelium inspired by the principles of the circular economy (CE), i.e. reduce, reuse and recycle (3Rs). Fungal mycelium-based biomaterials have the potential to contribute to the circular economy by replacing petroleum-based products and converting lignocellulosic waste into value-added products without negative impacts for the environment. Since the 2000s, new composite materials based on fungal mycelium and plant waste have been studied and applied in a wide range of agricultural, medical and industrial sectors. Despite this, information on the ability of fungi to create biomaterials and degrade organic industrial waste is limited to a few species of basidiomycetes and very few types of organic matrices. Therefore, in order to expand knowledge on the topic, as part of this thesis was evaluated the ability of four fungal species: Ganoderma applanatum, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes gibbosa and Trametes versicolor, widespread in forest, to colonize a composite substrate (SC) made by sawdust and silverskin, a waste of the coffee roasting process. After defining the thermal and nutritional needs of each species, their ability to colonize and transform the SC modeled in the shape of a solid brick (8×25×25 cm) for construction was evaluated. The SC was modeled thanks to the use of a mold made with a 3D printer. All the selected fungal species were able to colonize the SC and in particular Trametes versicolor. Finally, the biodegradability of the new biomaterial was evaluated by inoculating a strain of Trichoderma atroviride onto the surface of the dried brick.
La possibilità di produrre nuovi biomateriali in grado di ridurre al minimo l’accumulo di rifiuti e valorizzare gli scarti, sta indirizzando la ricerca scientifica verso materiali avanzati a base di micelio fungino ispirati ai principi dell’economia circolare (CE), ovvero ridurre, riutilizzare e riciclare (3R). I biomateriali a base di micelio fungino hanno il potenziale per contribuire all’economia circolare sostituendo i prodotti a base di petrolio e convertendo i rifiuti lignocellulosici in prodotti a valore aggiunto senza impatti negativi per l’ambiente. A partire dagli anni 2000, nuovi materiali compositi a base di micelio fungino e scarti vegetali sono stati studiati e applicati in un'ampia gamma di settori agricoli, medici e industriali. Nonostante ciò, le informazioni sulla capacità dei funghi di creare biomateriali e degradare scarti industriali organici sono limitate a poche specie di basidiomiceti e a pochissime tipologie di matrici organiche. Pertanto, al fine di ampliare le conoscenze sul tema, nell’ambito di questa tesi è stata valutata la capacità di quattro specie fungine: Ganoderma applanatum, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes gibbosa e Trametes versicolor ampiamente diffuse in bosco di colonizzare un substrato composito (SC) a base di segatura e silverskin, un sottoprodotto del processo di torrefazione del caffè. Dopo aver definito le esigenze termiche e nutrizionali di ciascuna specie è stata valutata la loro capacità di colonizzare e trasformare il SC modellato a forma di mattone pieno (8×25×25 cm) per edilizia. Il SC è stato modellato grazie all’impego di uno stampo realizzato con una stampante 3D. Tutte le specie fungine selezionate sono state in grado di colonizzare il SC ed in particolare il Trametes versicolor. Infine è stata valutata la biodegradabilità del nuovo biomateriale inoculando sulla superfice del mattone essiccato un ceppo di Trichoderma atroviride.
Nuovi biomateriali a base di micelio fungino
CALLEGARO, SILVIA
2022/2023
Abstract
The possibility of producing new biomaterials capable of minimizing the accumulation of petroleum-based products and valorising agro-industrial waste is directing scientific research towards advanced materials based on fungal mycelium inspired by the principles of the circular economy (CE), i.e. reduce, reuse and recycle (3Rs). Fungal mycelium-based biomaterials have the potential to contribute to the circular economy by replacing petroleum-based products and converting lignocellulosic waste into value-added products without negative impacts for the environment. Since the 2000s, new composite materials based on fungal mycelium and plant waste have been studied and applied in a wide range of agricultural, medical and industrial sectors. Despite this, information on the ability of fungi to create biomaterials and degrade organic industrial waste is limited to a few species of basidiomycetes and very few types of organic matrices. Therefore, in order to expand knowledge on the topic, as part of this thesis was evaluated the ability of four fungal species: Ganoderma applanatum, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes gibbosa and Trametes versicolor, widespread in forest, to colonize a composite substrate (SC) made by sawdust and silverskin, a waste of the coffee roasting process. After defining the thermal and nutritional needs of each species, their ability to colonize and transform the SC modeled in the shape of a solid brick (8×25×25 cm) for construction was evaluated. The SC was modeled thanks to the use of a mold made with a 3D printer. All the selected fungal species were able to colonize the SC and in particular Trametes versicolor. Finally, the biodegradability of the new biomaterial was evaluated by inoculating a strain of Trichoderma atroviride onto the surface of the dried brick.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi di laurea Silvia Callegaro finale.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/59272