The growing environmental sensibility is encouraging Countries to drastically reduce the use of peat in the horticultural nursery production. In fact, many Countries are imposing bans onto substrates containing peat and plants cultivated with peat as main constituent. This happens even if peat extraction to produce substrates is just a small percentage of the total peatlands exploitation. The race to peat-free substrate is led by the necessity of protecting these fragile habitats allowing their regeneration. Also in Italy, since some years are coming to light signs of change even if mostly related to economical and fewer ecological reasons. In those perspectives rise the purpose to search new eco-friendly and affordable growing media. This experimental trial was carried out co-operating with the Centre for Biodiversity and Outside-Forest Activities of Montecchio Precalcino (VI, Italy). Three substrates with different amount of peat were examined: the in-house substrate with 70% of peat (AZ), a mixture containing 40% less peat compared to the AZ (-40) and the last totally peat free (-100). Principal peat substitutes were wood fiber of different origin and size and green compost. Substrates were chemically and physically characterized and used as sowing and growing substrate for six forest species which are part of the local Venetian flora. Results showed how the three substrates had affected in different ways the growth of plants. With some exceptions, it was found that a certain amount of peat is essential to provide standard products and results of growth comparable to those obtained with the AZ substrate. The -40 substrate performances, in fact, were comparable to those of AZ, but the -100 substrate was effective only for few species. On the bases of these outcomes, the -40 substrate appears to be a good candidate to substitute AZ substrate in the production of forest plant at the Center. Future researches should be aimed at further reduce the peat content.
La crescente sensibilità ambientale sta spingendo molti Paesi a ridurre drasticamente l’impiego di torbe nella vivaistica. Questi stanno imponendo divieti al commercio di substrati contenenti torba e di piante coltivate con torba come matrice principale. Ciò avviene nonostante lo sfruttamento delle torbiere per la produzione di substrati rappresenti una limitata percentuale della superficie totale interessata dalle estrazioni. La corsa verso il peat free è guidata dalla necessità di tutelare habitat sensibili quali le torbiere e mantenere inalterati questi luoghi, dando loro possibilità di rigenerarsi. Anche in Italia si avvertono da un po’ di anni dei segnali di cambiamento forse legati a motivazioni più o meno di carattere economico piuttosto che ecologico. In quest'ottica può rientrare l’interesse di approfondire lo sviluppo di substrati ecologicamente ed economicamente sostenibili. Questo studio è stato svolto in collaborazione con il Centro di Biodiversità Vegetale e Fuori Foresta di Montecchio Precalcino (VI). Sono stati presi in esame tre tipi di substrati a diverso contenuto di torba: uno con 70% di torba (aziendale, AZ), uno con torba ridotta del 40% rispetto al primo (-40) e uno privo di torba (-100). I principali sostituti della frazione torbosa sono la fibra di legno di varia origine e pezzatura e il compost vegetale. I substrati sono stati caratterizzati dal punto di vista chimico-fisico e impiegati per la semina e la coltivazione in vivaio di sei specie legnose forestali tipiche della flora del Veneto. I risultati ottenuti mostrano come le specie considerate abbiano avuto nel complesso una diversa risposta ai tre substrati di coltivazione. Benché siano state osservate delle eccezioni, si è potuto constatare come una certa quantità di torba risulti pressoché irrinunciabile per garantire un prodotto standard e confrontabile con la produzione ottenibile dal substrato a base torbosa, già lungamente testato in vivaio. Infatti, in generale, il substrato -40 ha ottenuto delle performance paragonabili al substrato AZ mentre il substrato -100 ha ottenuto buoni risultati solo per poche specie. Alla luce dei risultati ottenuti, il substrato -40 sembra rappresentare un ottimo candidato per la sostituzione del substrato aziendale. Un approfondimento del presente lavoro potrebbe essere rivolto all’affinamento della composizione di tale substrato per ridurre ulteriormente il tenore di torba.
Substrati a ridotto contenuto di torba nella vivaistica forestale
LORENZATO, MARCO
2022/2023
Abstract
The growing environmental sensibility is encouraging Countries to drastically reduce the use of peat in the horticultural nursery production. In fact, many Countries are imposing bans onto substrates containing peat and plants cultivated with peat as main constituent. This happens even if peat extraction to produce substrates is just a small percentage of the total peatlands exploitation. The race to peat-free substrate is led by the necessity of protecting these fragile habitats allowing their regeneration. Also in Italy, since some years are coming to light signs of change even if mostly related to economical and fewer ecological reasons. In those perspectives rise the purpose to search new eco-friendly and affordable growing media. This experimental trial was carried out co-operating with the Centre for Biodiversity and Outside-Forest Activities of Montecchio Precalcino (VI, Italy). Three substrates with different amount of peat were examined: the in-house substrate with 70% of peat (AZ), a mixture containing 40% less peat compared to the AZ (-40) and the last totally peat free (-100). Principal peat substitutes were wood fiber of different origin and size and green compost. Substrates were chemically and physically characterized and used as sowing and growing substrate for six forest species which are part of the local Venetian flora. Results showed how the three substrates had affected in different ways the growth of plants. With some exceptions, it was found that a certain amount of peat is essential to provide standard products and results of growth comparable to those obtained with the AZ substrate. The -40 substrate performances, in fact, were comparable to those of AZ, but the -100 substrate was effective only for few species. On the bases of these outcomes, the -40 substrate appears to be a good candidate to substitute AZ substrate in the production of forest plant at the Center. Future researches should be aimed at further reduce the peat content.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/59285