The use of multiple-gradient array for electrical resistivity tomography

This study compares two-dimensional resistivity imaging methods using gradient, Wenner, and dipole-dipole electrode arrays at the field site in Legnaro. The results support prior numerical modeling, indicating that the gradient array's resolution matches or surpasses the Wenner array. The gradient array demonstrates robust noise sensitivity and agrees with dipole-dipole results, with exceptions in deeper regions. A proposed pseudosection formula aids data quality assessment, especially for different parameters. The gradient array excels in multichannel data acquisition, increasing fieldwork efficiency, while the Wenner array, with reduced noise sensitivity, is suitable for single-channel measurements and overcomes logistical challenges associated with remote electrodes. These findings highlight the practical advantages of gradient arrays in resistivity imaging.