The paper focuses on the fingerprint classification method developed by Giovanni Gasti and then delves into the birth and development of the AFIS system. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the birth of the Scientific Police School, a first central identity register began to be formed. To create the register, it was necessary to draw up a warning card for each suspected person in which great importance was given to dactyloscopy and therefore to fingerprints. The aim to be achieved was to identify repeat offenders and their alias. In such a context, Giovanni Gasti had a pivotal role: since 1904 and for almost a hundred years, his classification method has accompanied the progress of the Italian Scientific Police. At the end of the 1990s, the computerization of fingerprint procedures was implemented without, however, replacing the expertise of the specialist which remains an essential element for the proper functioning of the entire system. Today fingerprint research is done through AFIS.
L’elaborato si focalizza sul metodo di classificazione delle impronte digitali elaborato da Giovanni Gasti per poi approfondire la nascita e lo sviluppo del sistema AFIS. All’inizio del XX secolo, con la nascita della Scuola di Polizia Scientifica, si iniziò a formare un primo Casellario centrale di identità. Per la creazione del casellario fu necessario redigere per ogni sospettato un cartellino segnaletico nel quale era data grande importanza alla dattiloscopia e quindi alle impronte digitali. Lo scopo da raggiungere era quello dell’identificazione dei recidivi e dei loro alias. In questo contesto, fondamentale fu il ruolo di Giovanni Gasti: dal 1904 e per quasi cento anni, il suo metodo di classificazione ha accompagnato i progressi della Polizia Scientifica italiana. Alla fine degli anni Novanta trovò attuazione l’informatizzazione delle procedure dattiloscopiche senza, però, sostituirsi alla competenza dello specialista, che rimane un elemento imprescindibile per il buon funzionamento dell’intero sistema. Oggi la ricerca dattiloscopica avviene attraverso l’AFIS.
LA TECNOLOGIA DELLE IMPRONTE DIGITALI IN ITALIA DA GIOVANNI GASTI AL SISTEMA A.F.I.S.
FERRAZZI, ANDREA
2022/2023
Abstract
The paper focuses on the fingerprint classification method developed by Giovanni Gasti and then delves into the birth and development of the AFIS system. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the birth of the Scientific Police School, a first central identity register began to be formed. To create the register, it was necessary to draw up a warning card for each suspected person in which great importance was given to dactyloscopy and therefore to fingerprints. The aim to be achieved was to identify repeat offenders and their alias. In such a context, Giovanni Gasti had a pivotal role: since 1904 and for almost a hundred years, his classification method has accompanied the progress of the Italian Scientific Police. At the end of the 1990s, the computerization of fingerprint procedures was implemented without, however, replacing the expertise of the specialist which remains an essential element for the proper functioning of the entire system. Today fingerprint research is done through AFIS.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/59544