Background Ovarian carcinoma is the gynecological cancer with the highest mortality rate. The standard therapy involves surgical cytoreduction and platinum-based chemotherapy. Despite this, more than 70% of advanced-stage ovarian cancers will finally relapse. In order to reduce and delay recurrence of the disease as much as possible, maintenance therapies after first-line treatment have recently been introduced. Currently approved in Italy after the first line of chemotherapy are the PARP inhibitors Olaparib and Niraparib, and the angiogenesis inhibitor Bevacizumab, administered either as monotherapy or in combination. Specifically, Olaparib is indicated for patients with tumors with BRCA mutations, while Niraparib can be used in women whose tumors do not have this genetic alteration. Bevacizumab is indicated for patients diagnosed with advanced ovarian carcinoma independently from BRCA status, while the combination of Olaparib and Bevacizumab has shown to be active in women whose tumor exhibits a deficiency in the homologous recombination repair process (HRD). Aim The aim of this study is to assess the safety profile of PARP inhibitors Olaparib and Niraparib, Bevacizumab, and the combination Olaparib-Bevacizumab in a retrospective cohort of patients treated by clinical practice at the Veneto Oncology Institute (IOV) and compare it with the profiles described in the clinical studies that led to the approval of these therapies. Materials and methods The following retrospective observational study includes 72 patients undergoing first-line maintenance therapy as by clinical practice at IOV from February 2018 to August 2023. Of these, 20 women were treated with Olaparib, 33 with Niraparib, 12 with Bevacizumab, and 7 with the combination Olaparib-Bevacizumab. Adverse reactions (AEs) that occurred during the study period were evaluated, along with any treatment discontinuations and reductions in the administered dose. Results In patients receiving PARP inhibitors Olaparib and Niraparib, the most frequent AE was anemia (52.8%), followed by nausea (50.9%) and thrombocytopenia (37.7%). Among women treated with Bevacizumab, the most common AEs were hypertension (66.7%) and asthenia (16.7%). In patients treated with the combination Olaparib-Bevacizumab, the most frequent AE was nausea (57.1%), followed by asthenia and hypertension (42.9%). Among women treated with PARP inhibitors, 5.7% required treatment discontinuation, and 56.6% required a reduction in the administered dose. Treatment discontinuation was required by 16.7% of patients treated with Bevacizumab. Among women treated with Olaparib-Bevacizumab, 14.3% required treatment discontinuation, and 71.4% required a reduction in the administered dose. Conclusions The study confirmed the efficacy and safety of PARP inhibitors Olaparib and Niraparib, Bevacizumab, and the combination Olaparib-Bevacizumab as first-line maintenance therapies for ovarian carcinoma. It highlighted, even in a real-life population, results similar to, if not better than, those reported in clinical studies in terms of toxicity profile.
Background Il carcinoma ovarico è la neoplasia ginecologica con la più alta mortalità. La terapia standard prevede la citoriduzione chirurgica e la chemioterapia a base di platino. Nonostante ciò, oltre il 70% dei tumori ovarici in stadio avanzato è destinato a recidivare. Al fine di ritardare il più possibile la ripresa della malattia sono state recentemente introdotte le cosiddette terapie di mantenimento: al giorno d’oggi quelle approvate in Italia dopo la prima linea di chemioterapia sono gli inibitori di PARP Olaparib e Niraparib e l’inibitore dell’angiogenesi Bevacizumab, somministrati in monoterapia oppure in associazione. In particolare, Olaparib è indicato nelle pazienti con neoplasie con mutazione dei geni BRCA, mentre Niraparib viene impiegato anche nelle donne wild-type per tale alterazione genetica. Bevacizumab è indicato nelle pazienti con diagnosi di carcinoma ovarico avanzato indipendentemente dallo stato BRCA, mentre la combinazione di Olaparib e Bevacizumab ha dimostrato di essere efficace in donne il cui tumore presenti un deficit del processo di riparazione per ricombinazione omologa (HRD). Scopo dello studio Lo scopo di questo studio è valutare il profilo di sicurezza degli inibitori di PARP Olaparib e Niraparib, di Bevacizumab e dell’associazione Olaparib-Bevacizumab in una coorte retrospettiva di pazienti trattate da pratica clinica presso l’Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV) e confrontarlo con quello descritto negli studi clinici che hanno portato all’approvazione di tali farmaci. Materiali e metodi Si tratta di uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo in cui sono state incluse 72 pazienti sottoposte a terapia di mantenimento in prima linea da pratica clinica presso lo IOV dal Febbraio 2018 all’Agosto 2023. Di queste, 20 donne sono state trattate con Olaparib, 33 con Niraparib, 12 con Bevacizumab e 7 con la combinazione Olaparib-Bevacizumab. Sono state valutate le reazioni avverse (AEs) comparse nel periodo di studio considerato e le eventuali discontinuazioni del trattamento e riduzioni della dose somministrata. Risultati Nelle pazienti in terapia con gli inibitori di PARP Olaparib e Niraparib, l’AE più frequente è stato l’anemia (52.8%), seguito dalla nausea (50.9%) e dalla trombocitopenia (37.7%). Tra le donne trattate con Bevacizumab, gli AEs più comuni sono stati l’ipertensione (66.7%) e l’astenia (16.7%). Nelle pazienti in terapia con l’associazione Olaparib-Bevacizumab, l’AE più frequente è stato la nausea (57.1%), seguito dall’astenia e dall’ipertensione (42.9%). Tra le donne trattate con gli inibitori di PARP, il 5.7% ha richiesto la discontinuazione del trattamento e il 56.6% la riduzione della dose somministrata. La discontinuazione del trattamento è stata richiesta dal 16.7% delle pazienti in terapia con Bevacizumab. Tra le donne trattate con Olaparib-Bevacizumab, il 14.3% ha richiesto la discontinuazione del trattamento e il 71.4% la riduzione della dose somministrata. Conclusioni Lo studio ha confermato l’efficacia e la sicurezza degli inibitori di PARP Olaparib e Niraparib, di Bevacizumab e della combinazione Olaparib-Bevacizumab come terapie di mantenimento in prima linea del carcinoma ovarico evidenziando, anche in una popolazione real-life, risultati simili, se non migliori, a quelli degli studi clinici in termini di profilo di tossicità.
Profilo di sicurezza delle terapie di mantenimento nel setting di prima linea del tumore ovarico
CROSARA, ANNA
2022/2023
Abstract
Background Ovarian carcinoma is the gynecological cancer with the highest mortality rate. The standard therapy involves surgical cytoreduction and platinum-based chemotherapy. Despite this, more than 70% of advanced-stage ovarian cancers will finally relapse. In order to reduce and delay recurrence of the disease as much as possible, maintenance therapies after first-line treatment have recently been introduced. Currently approved in Italy after the first line of chemotherapy are the PARP inhibitors Olaparib and Niraparib, and the angiogenesis inhibitor Bevacizumab, administered either as monotherapy or in combination. Specifically, Olaparib is indicated for patients with tumors with BRCA mutations, while Niraparib can be used in women whose tumors do not have this genetic alteration. Bevacizumab is indicated for patients diagnosed with advanced ovarian carcinoma independently from BRCA status, while the combination of Olaparib and Bevacizumab has shown to be active in women whose tumor exhibits a deficiency in the homologous recombination repair process (HRD). Aim The aim of this study is to assess the safety profile of PARP inhibitors Olaparib and Niraparib, Bevacizumab, and the combination Olaparib-Bevacizumab in a retrospective cohort of patients treated by clinical practice at the Veneto Oncology Institute (IOV) and compare it with the profiles described in the clinical studies that led to the approval of these therapies. Materials and methods The following retrospective observational study includes 72 patients undergoing first-line maintenance therapy as by clinical practice at IOV from February 2018 to August 2023. Of these, 20 women were treated with Olaparib, 33 with Niraparib, 12 with Bevacizumab, and 7 with the combination Olaparib-Bevacizumab. Adverse reactions (AEs) that occurred during the study period were evaluated, along with any treatment discontinuations and reductions in the administered dose. Results In patients receiving PARP inhibitors Olaparib and Niraparib, the most frequent AE was anemia (52.8%), followed by nausea (50.9%) and thrombocytopenia (37.7%). Among women treated with Bevacizumab, the most common AEs were hypertension (66.7%) and asthenia (16.7%). In patients treated with the combination Olaparib-Bevacizumab, the most frequent AE was nausea (57.1%), followed by asthenia and hypertension (42.9%). Among women treated with PARP inhibitors, 5.7% required treatment discontinuation, and 56.6% required a reduction in the administered dose. Treatment discontinuation was required by 16.7% of patients treated with Bevacizumab. Among women treated with Olaparib-Bevacizumab, 14.3% required treatment discontinuation, and 71.4% required a reduction in the administered dose. Conclusions The study confirmed the efficacy and safety of PARP inhibitors Olaparib and Niraparib, Bevacizumab, and the combination Olaparib-Bevacizumab as first-line maintenance therapies for ovarian carcinoma. It highlighted, even in a real-life population, results similar to, if not better than, those reported in clinical studies in terms of toxicity profile.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/60851