Gray mold is considered one of the main diseases affecting grapevines. It is present in all Italian regions and has a significant relevance as it causes enormous economic losses. The application of synthetic fungicides has been an effective way to control this disease for years, but their disproportionate use over time has had a negative impact on environmental and human health resulting in development of strains of B. cinerea resistant to various active ingredients. The use of biocontrol agents represents one of the possible alternatives to synthetic products in the control of pathogens affecting grapevines. In Italy products based on antagonistic microorganisms before being placed on the market must be assassed by certification released by Testing Centers accredited by the MiPAAF. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the main mechanisms of action of antagonistic microorganisms involved in the control of B. cinerea in the vineyard and subsequently compare the different levels of efficacy, taking into consideration experimental tests carried out by testing centers accredited by the Ministry of Agriculture. The results of the test examined showed that the experimental BCAs Bacillus ginsengihum S38 and Candida sake were not as effective as the other BCAs tested and already present on the market, while the commercial product Amylo X containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has demonstrated reasonable efficacy.
La muffa grigia causata dal fungo fitopatogeno Botrytis cinerea è considerata una delle principali malattie della vite, è presente in tutte le regioni italiane ed ha una rilevanza significativa in quanto causa enormi perdite economiche. L’applicazione di fungicidi di sintesi è stata per anni un modo efficace per il controllo di questa malattia, ma il loro uso sproporzionato nel tempo ha avuto un impatto negativo sull’ambiente e sulla qualità e salubrità dei prodotti e ha consentito lo sviluppo di ceppi di B. cinerea resistenti a vari principi attivi. L’uso di agenti di biocontrollo (BCA) rappresenta una delle possibili alternative all’impiego dei prodotti di sintesi nel controllo dei patogeni della vite. In Italia i prodotti a base di microrganismi antagonisti per poter essere immessi sul mercato devono prima essere testati da centri di saggio accreditati dal MiPAAF. Questo elaborato ha lo scopo di illustrare i principali meccanismi d’azione dei microrganismi antagonisti coinvolti nel controllo di B. cinerea in vigneto e di comparare i diversi livelli di efficacia degli antagonisti, prendendo in esame una prova sperimentale svolta da Centri di Saggio accreditati dal ministero dell’agricoltura. È emerso che i nuovi BCA Bacillus ginsengihum S38 e Candida sake non hanno raggiunto i livelli di efficacia ottenuti con i BCA già presenti in commercio. Tra questi ultimi il prodotto commerciale Amylo X a base di Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ha avuto un’efficacia soddisfacente.
Lotta biologica contro Botrytis cinerea in vite
MEDIN, ALBERTO
2023/2024
Abstract
Gray mold is considered one of the main diseases affecting grapevines. It is present in all Italian regions and has a significant relevance as it causes enormous economic losses. The application of synthetic fungicides has been an effective way to control this disease for years, but their disproportionate use over time has had a negative impact on environmental and human health resulting in development of strains of B. cinerea resistant to various active ingredients. The use of biocontrol agents represents one of the possible alternatives to synthetic products in the control of pathogens affecting grapevines. In Italy products based on antagonistic microorganisms before being placed on the market must be assassed by certification released by Testing Centers accredited by the MiPAAF. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the main mechanisms of action of antagonistic microorganisms involved in the control of B. cinerea in the vineyard and subsequently compare the different levels of efficacy, taking into consideration experimental tests carried out by testing centers accredited by the Ministry of Agriculture. The results of the test examined showed that the experimental BCAs Bacillus ginsengihum S38 and Candida sake were not as effective as the other BCAs tested and already present on the market, while the commercial product Amylo X containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has demonstrated reasonable efficacy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/61753