Biologic treatments have revolutionised the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, improving inflammation control and quality of life. With the introduction of biosimilars, questions arise about switching from one biologic to another in the same class (switching) or to another in a different class (swapping). However, the patterns and predictors of such switches are unknown. The aim of the present study was to describe the frequency of switching and substitution among patients using biologics for psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis and to investigate the associated predictive factors. The study included seven Italian regions using the VALORE project database and involved 30,700 subjects using drugs such as TNF-α inhibitors, anti-IL agents or selective immunosuppressants, with a gender distribution of 47.5% women and a mean age of 50.7 years. The percentages of patients who underwent at least one switch or swap were 8.5%, 17.9%, 37.1% and 47.8% at six-month, one-year, three-year and five-year follow-up, respectively. Among these, the frequency of single switches, single swaps and multiple switches was higher among those using TNF-α inhibitors than among those using anti-IL. In terms of multiple switches, anti-IL and SI users had a significantly lower risk of switching than TNF-α inhibitor users. With regard to switching back, patients using anti-IL as a reference drug reported a significantly lower risk than TNF-α inhibitor users. In addition, age between 65 and 79 years was associated with a lower risk of switching back compared to younger patients. During the observation period, more than 10% of patients experienced at least one treatment switch. Patients who started with TNF-alpha inhibitors had more frequent switches than those who started with anti-IL, but a lower risk of multiple switches and switching back during the observation period. In addition, women and younger patients had a higher risk of switching back among those who started biological therapy.
I trattamenti con farmaci biologici hanno rivoluzionato la gestione della psoriasi e dell’artrite psoriasica, migliorando il controllo dell'infiammazione e la qualità della vita. Con l'introduzione di biosimilari sorgono domande riguardo ai passaggi da un farmaco biologico all'altro della stessa classe (switch) o a uno di classe diversa (swap). Tuttavia, non sono noti i modelli e i fattori predittivi di tali cambiamenti. Il presente studio mira a delineare la frequenza dei cambiamenti di terapia e sostituzioni tra pazienti che utilizzano farmaci biologici per psoriasi o artrite psoriasica, e a investigare i fattori predittivi associati. La ricerca ha incluso sette regioni italiane utilizzando il database del progetto VALORE, ed ha coinvolto 30,700 soggetti utilizzatori di farmaci come inibitori del TNF-α, agenti anti-IL o immunosoppressori selettivi, con una distribuzione del genere del 47,5% donne e un'età media di 50,7 anni. Le percentuali di pazienti che hanno effettuato almeno uno switch o swap erano rispettivamente dell'8,5%, 17,9%, 37,1% e 47,8% a sei mesi, un anno, tre anni e cinque anni di follow-up. Tra questi, le frequenze di switch singoli, swap singoli e multiple switch erano più elevate tra coloro che utilizzavano inibitori del TNF-α rispetto a quelli che utilizzavano anti-IL. Nel contesto dei multiple switch, gli utilizzatori di anti-IL e di SI hanno dimostrato un rischio significativamente più basso di scambio rispetto agli utilizzatori di inibitori del TNF-α. Per quanto riguarda lo switch back, i pazienti che utilizzavano anti-IL come farmaco di riferimento hanno riportato un rischio significativamente inferiore rispetto agli utilizzatori di inibitori del TNF-α. Inoltre, l'età compresa tra 65 e 79 anni è stata associata a un rischio inferiore di switch back rispetto ai pazienti più giovani. Durante il periodo di osservazione, oltre il 10% dei pazienti ha sperimentato almeno un cambio di trattamento. I pazienti che hanno iniziato con inibitori del TNF-alfa hanno mostrato cambiamenti più frequenti rispetto a quelli che hanno iniziato con anti-IL, ma con un minor rischio di multiple switch e switch back nel periodo considerato. Inoltre, donne e pazienti più giovani tra coloro che hanno iniziato la terapia biologica presentano un rischio maggiore di switch back.
Pattern di switch/swap tra farmaci biologici originator e biosimilari approvati per il trattamento della psoriasi/artrite psoriasica: l'esempio del progetto multi-regionale VALORE
TEZZA, SARA
2023/2024
Abstract
Biologic treatments have revolutionised the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, improving inflammation control and quality of life. With the introduction of biosimilars, questions arise about switching from one biologic to another in the same class (switching) or to another in a different class (swapping). However, the patterns and predictors of such switches are unknown. The aim of the present study was to describe the frequency of switching and substitution among patients using biologics for psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis and to investigate the associated predictive factors. The study included seven Italian regions using the VALORE project database and involved 30,700 subjects using drugs such as TNF-α inhibitors, anti-IL agents or selective immunosuppressants, with a gender distribution of 47.5% women and a mean age of 50.7 years. The percentages of patients who underwent at least one switch or swap were 8.5%, 17.9%, 37.1% and 47.8% at six-month, one-year, three-year and five-year follow-up, respectively. Among these, the frequency of single switches, single swaps and multiple switches was higher among those using TNF-α inhibitors than among those using anti-IL. In terms of multiple switches, anti-IL and SI users had a significantly lower risk of switching than TNF-α inhibitor users. With regard to switching back, patients using anti-IL as a reference drug reported a significantly lower risk than TNF-α inhibitor users. In addition, age between 65 and 79 years was associated with a lower risk of switching back compared to younger patients. During the observation period, more than 10% of patients experienced at least one treatment switch. Patients who started with TNF-alpha inhibitors had more frequent switches than those who started with anti-IL, but a lower risk of multiple switches and switching back during the observation period. In addition, women and younger patients had a higher risk of switching back among those who started biological therapy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/62070