The mechanical load given by exercise is an integral part of the body's homeostasis and health, both structurally, metabolically and psycho-emotionally. Beneficial effects also occur at the level of the intervertebral disc. In order for the body to move and adapt in the environment, the spinal column and associated musculature are subjected to high loads; the intervertebral disc is also a loaded environment, in which cells are subjected to and metabolically influenced by mechanical stimuli, such as tensile, compressive and shear stresses and strains. The intervertebral discs act as joints between the bony vertebrae and provide mobility and flexibility to the spine. Their bony and ligamentous structure is an optimal adaptation to the main mechanical functions of the disc, such as the transmission of compressive loads through the spine, flexion and torsion. These complex mechanical functions are expressed in the morphological structure of the intervertebral disc and the biochemical composition of the disc matrix. The paper focuses on the important concept of the relationship between form and function, where each tissue region plays an important role in the physiological and biomechanical function of the motion segments. There are several reviews in the literature that provide a very comprehensive and detailed overview of the mechanobiology of the disc, at the level of cellular pathways, both in healthy and degenerated conditions, which this paper does not address in depth. The aim of the following thesis is to conduct a review of the state of the art regarding the relationship between exercise and spinal disc health. In particular, the paper focuses on the structure of the intervertebral disc and the effects of mechanical loading, taking into account the changes the disc undergoes during ageing and degeneration, from the macroscopic to the cellular and subcellular level. Particular emphasis has been placed on the mechano-transmission modes of stimuli, which play an important role in maintaining normal disc metabolism and degenerative disc pathways. The thesis also aims to understand which type of mechanical stimulus, in terms of intensity, frequency and duration, can be beneficial for the health of the intervertebral disc: different types of sports and exercise activities are analysed, which the kinesiologist and movement expert can take into account and recommend, in terms of their benefits for the intervertebral disc.
Il carico meccanico dato dall’esercizio fisico è parte integrante dell'omeostasi e della salute del corpo, sia dal punto di vista strutturale, metabolico che psico-emotivo. Effetti benefici avvengono anche a livello del disco intervertebrale. Per consentire il movimento e l’adattamento dell’organismo nell’ambiente, il rachide e la muscolatura associata subiscono carichi elevati; anche il disco intervertebrale è un ambiente carico, in cui le cellule sono sottoposte e influenzate a livello metabolico dagli stimoli meccanici, come sollecitazioni e sforzi di trazione, compressione e taglio. I dischi intervertebrali fungono da articolazioni tra le vertebre ossee e forniscono mobilità e flessibilità alla colonna vertebrale. La loro struttura ossea e legamentosa è un adattamento ottimale alle principali funzioni meccaniche del disco, come la trasmissione di carichi compressivi attraverso la colonna vertebrale, la flessione e la torsione. Queste complesse funzioni meccaniche si esprimono nella struttura morfologica del disco intervertebrale e nella composizione biochimica della matrice discale: l’elaborato pone attenzione sul concetto importante di relazione tra la forma e la funzione, dove ciascuna regione tissutale svolge un ruolo importante nella funzione fisiologica e biomeccanica dei segmenti di movimento. In letteratura sono presenti diverse revisioni che forniscono una panoramica molto completa e dettagliata sulla meccano-biologia del disco, a livello di vie cellulari, sia in condizioni di salute che di degenerazione, che questo elaborato non affronta in maniera approfondita. La seguente tesi si propone di condurre una revisione dello stato dell'arte in merito alla relazione tra esercizio fisico e benessere del rachide vertebrale. In particolare, l’elaborato pone l'attenzione sulla struttura del disco intervertebrale e sugli effetti del carico meccanico, tenendo conto dei cambiamenti che il disco subisce durante l'invecchiamento e la degenerazione, dal livello macroscopico a quello cellulare e subcellulare. Particolare enfasi è stata posta sulle modalità di meccano-trasmissione degli stimoli, che svolgono un ruolo importante nel mantenimento del normale metabolismo del disco e nelle vie degenerative del disco. La tesi si propone inoltre di comprendere quale tipo di stimolo meccanico, in termini di intensità, frequenza e durata, possa essere benefico per la salute del disco intervertebrale: si analizzano infatti diverse tipologie di attività sportive e di esercizio, che il chinesiologo ed esperto del movimento può tenere in considerazione e consigliare, in termini di benefici per il disco intervertebrale.
RACHIDE ED ESERCIZIO, DALLA CELLULA ALLA STRUTTURA GLOBALE: una review della letteratura scientifica
VINCENTI, ANNA
2023/2024
Abstract
The mechanical load given by exercise is an integral part of the body's homeostasis and health, both structurally, metabolically and psycho-emotionally. Beneficial effects also occur at the level of the intervertebral disc. In order for the body to move and adapt in the environment, the spinal column and associated musculature are subjected to high loads; the intervertebral disc is also a loaded environment, in which cells are subjected to and metabolically influenced by mechanical stimuli, such as tensile, compressive and shear stresses and strains. The intervertebral discs act as joints between the bony vertebrae and provide mobility and flexibility to the spine. Their bony and ligamentous structure is an optimal adaptation to the main mechanical functions of the disc, such as the transmission of compressive loads through the spine, flexion and torsion. These complex mechanical functions are expressed in the morphological structure of the intervertebral disc and the biochemical composition of the disc matrix. The paper focuses on the important concept of the relationship between form and function, where each tissue region plays an important role in the physiological and biomechanical function of the motion segments. There are several reviews in the literature that provide a very comprehensive and detailed overview of the mechanobiology of the disc, at the level of cellular pathways, both in healthy and degenerated conditions, which this paper does not address in depth. The aim of the following thesis is to conduct a review of the state of the art regarding the relationship between exercise and spinal disc health. In particular, the paper focuses on the structure of the intervertebral disc and the effects of mechanical loading, taking into account the changes the disc undergoes during ageing and degeneration, from the macroscopic to the cellular and subcellular level. Particular emphasis has been placed on the mechano-transmission modes of stimuli, which play an important role in maintaining normal disc metabolism and degenerative disc pathways. The thesis also aims to understand which type of mechanical stimulus, in terms of intensity, frequency and duration, can be beneficial for the health of the intervertebral disc: different types of sports and exercise activities are analysed, which the kinesiologist and movement expert can take into account and recommend, in terms of their benefits for the intervertebral disc.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Vincenti_Anna.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
19.09 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
19.09 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/62768