The following thesis describes and argues an innovative teaching intervention in the discipline of Science in a primary third grade. The themes around which the teaching experiment was conducted are microbiology and the immune system. Specifically, the teaching itinerary was conceived and designed to achieve two main objectives. The first objective aimed to demonstrate how, thanks to laboratory teaching and the use of the scientific method, a discipline often considered as "hostile" as biology could become a topic of interest and easier to learn even for elementary school children. The second objective was intended to "go beyond" what is described in the National Directions regarding science teaching. In order to pursue these objectives, the teaching intervention involved two third classes of an elementary school in a short introductory itinerary to microbiology. Specifically, the main categories of microorganisms, namely bacteria, viruses and fungi, were examined, with a more in-depth focus on their pathogenicity and the defensive strategies adopted by the immune system to contrast them. To obtain useful quantitative data to confirm or refute the initial objectives, one of the classes took on the role of the experimental group, while the other served as the control group. In the experimental group, topics were treated through an interactive and laboratory teaching approach, actively involving children in hands-on activities such as growing microorganisms and using a microscope. Various technologies were integrated to support teaching, including the use of online platforms such as Kahoot, Powtoon and Padlet. On the other hand, in the control group, the same topics were treated following a more traditional approach. To support the collection of data derived from the teaching experiment and allow for a more in-depth analysis, two surveys were conducted using questionnaires. The first was aimed at elementary school science teachers with the goal of collecting information regarding the teaching methodologies used and the topics discussed. The second, on the other hand, involved parents of elementary school students, with the aim of detecting opinions regarding the teaching of Science and the specific topics of the experiment in question. The results obtained at the end of the experiment succeeded in confirming the initial hypothesis, namely, that through laboratory teaching it is possible to carry out an introduction to microbiology and the immune system with elementary school children, improving the involvement of pupils and stimulating their interest in the scientific discipline. For the writing of this thesis and the design of the teaching intervention, different theoretical and normative sources were consulted, including purely scientific volumes concerning microbiology and the immune system, texts and articles related to teaching methodologies and laboratory teaching, as well as school and ministerial documentation.
La seguente tesi di laurea descrive e argomenta un intervento didattico innovativo nella disciplina delle Scienze in una classe terza primaria. I temi attorno ai quali è stata svolta la sperimentazione didattica sono la microbiologia e il sistema immunitario. In particolare, il percorso didattico è stato pensato e progettato per conseguire due obiettivi principali. Il primo obiettivo voleva dimostrare come, grazie alla didattica laboratoriale e all’utilizzo del metodo scientifico, una disciplina ritenuta spesso “ostica” come la biologia potesse diventare argomento di interesse e di più facile apprendimento anche per i bambini della scuola primaria. Il secondo obiettivo aveva l’intento di “andare oltre” a quanto descritto nelle Indicazioni Nazionali per quanto riguarda l’insegnamento delle Scienze. Al fine di perseguire tali obiettivi, l’intervento didattico ha coinvolto due classi terze di una scuola primaria in un breve itinerario introduttivo alla microbiologia. In modo specifico, sono state esaminate le principali categorie di microrganismi, ovvero batteri, virus e funghi, con un focus più approfondito sulla loro patogenicità e sulle strategie difensive adottate dal sistema immunitario per contrastarli. Per ottenere dei dati quantitativi utili per confermare o confutare gli obiettivi iniziali, una delle classi ha assunto il ruolo di gruppo sperimentale, mentre l'altra ha svolto la funzione di gruppo di controllo. Nel gruppo sperimentale, gli argomenti sono stati affrontati attraverso un approccio didattico interattivo e laboratoriale, coinvolgendo attivamente i bambini in attività pratiche come la coltivazione di microrganismi e l'utilizzo del microscopio. Sono state integrate diverse tecnologie per supportare la didattica, tra cui l'impiego di piattaforme online come Kahoot, Powtoon e Padlet. D'altra parte, nel gruppo di controllo, gli stessi argomenti sono stati trattati seguendo un approccio più tradizionale. Per supportare la raccolta dei dati derivati dalla sperimentazione didattica e consentire un’analisi più approfondita, sono state condotte due indagini utilizzando dei questionari. La prima era rivolta agli insegnanti di Scienze della scuola primaria con l’obiettivo di raccogliere informazioni riguardo alle metodologie didattiche utilizzate e agli argomenti trattati. La seconda, invece, ha coinvolto i genitori degli studenti della scuola primaria, con l'intento di rilevare opinioni relative all'insegnamento delle Scienze e agli argomenti specifici della sperimentazione in questione. I risultati ottenuti al termine della sperimentazione sono riusciti a confermare l’ipotesi iniziale, ossia che attraverso una didattica laboratoriale è possibile realizzare un percorso di introduzione alla microbiologia e al sistema immunitario con i bambini della scuola primaria, migliorando il coinvolgimento degli alunni e incentivando il loro interesse verso la disciplina scientifica. Per la stesura di tale tesi e per la progettazione dell’intervento didattico sono state consultate differenti fonti teoriche e normative, tra cui volumi prettamente scientifici riguardanti la microbiologia e il sistema immunitario, testi e articoli inerenti alle metodologie di insegnamento e alla didattica laboratoriale, nonché documentazione scolastica e ministeriale.
AVVICINARE I BAMBINI ALLA MICROBIOLOGIA E ALLA CONOSCENZA DEL SISTEMA IMMUNITARIO. Una sperimentazione didattica alla scuola primaria basata sulla didattica laboratoriale.
MORO, MARTINA
2023/2024
Abstract
The following thesis describes and argues an innovative teaching intervention in the discipline of Science in a primary third grade. The themes around which the teaching experiment was conducted are microbiology and the immune system. Specifically, the teaching itinerary was conceived and designed to achieve two main objectives. The first objective aimed to demonstrate how, thanks to laboratory teaching and the use of the scientific method, a discipline often considered as "hostile" as biology could become a topic of interest and easier to learn even for elementary school children. The second objective was intended to "go beyond" what is described in the National Directions regarding science teaching. In order to pursue these objectives, the teaching intervention involved two third classes of an elementary school in a short introductory itinerary to microbiology. Specifically, the main categories of microorganisms, namely bacteria, viruses and fungi, were examined, with a more in-depth focus on their pathogenicity and the defensive strategies adopted by the immune system to contrast them. To obtain useful quantitative data to confirm or refute the initial objectives, one of the classes took on the role of the experimental group, while the other served as the control group. In the experimental group, topics were treated through an interactive and laboratory teaching approach, actively involving children in hands-on activities such as growing microorganisms and using a microscope. Various technologies were integrated to support teaching, including the use of online platforms such as Kahoot, Powtoon and Padlet. On the other hand, in the control group, the same topics were treated following a more traditional approach. To support the collection of data derived from the teaching experiment and allow for a more in-depth analysis, two surveys were conducted using questionnaires. The first was aimed at elementary school science teachers with the goal of collecting information regarding the teaching methodologies used and the topics discussed. The second, on the other hand, involved parents of elementary school students, with the aim of detecting opinions regarding the teaching of Science and the specific topics of the experiment in question. The results obtained at the end of the experiment succeeded in confirming the initial hypothesis, namely, that through laboratory teaching it is possible to carry out an introduction to microbiology and the immune system with elementary school children, improving the involvement of pupils and stimulating their interest in the scientific discipline. For the writing of this thesis and the design of the teaching intervention, different theoretical and normative sources were consulted, including purely scientific volumes concerning microbiology and the immune system, texts and articles related to teaching methodologies and laboratory teaching, as well as school and ministerial documentation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/62827