Nowadays technology has become an integral part of every person’s life and this profound change, which has taken place in recent years, is also visible in the school context. School is a place for learning inherent in complex relationships and balace, where children and teachers collaborate to develop skills and competence. It is necessary to consider the specific needs of each student, their potential, strenghts and weaknesses in order to think about inclusive teaching; indeed, the school has the task of implementing and using all available tools to facilitate the partecipation of students, in particular those who have difficulties in some areas. On the basis of these considerations, the following research aims to investigate and demonstrate the importance of the use of ICT, especially educational software and applications, in Specific Learning Disorders. This classification refers to dyslexia, that is the reading disorder, dyscalculia, that is the disorder in calculation skills, dysgraphia and dysorthography which represent disorders in the writing processes; they concern a specific skill domain, indeed they are considered neurodevelopmental disorders and are treated in the two main nosographic system: DSM-5 and ICD-11. The close relationship between technologies and Specific Learning Disorders is addressed in classification systems such as ICF and in innovative approaches such as Universal Design for Learning. In this perspective it is necessary wonder whether and how technology can support the learning of students with dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia and dysorthography, acquiring a role as a facilitator in the process of school inclusion. The theoretical reference framework that accompanied the research was based on the most important documents relating to SpLDs and technologies and on the most famous framework such as TPACK by Mishra and Koehler, SETT by Zabala and SAMR by Puentedura. PRISMA, acronym for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, a tool of great importance in the development of systematic reviews, was used to guide the reserach. It has allowed to identify the focus, the research questions, the inclusion and exclusion criteria by developing of a flowchart and then the most important information was entered in chart. Through this information it was possibile to answer the research questions, using the data provided by the analysis of the articles, which have confirmed the importance of using technologies as a support tool for the learning of children with SpLDs. The applications and educational software used in the interventions, have made it possibile enhance the reading, calculation and writing processes, improving the acquisition of basic processes by children with specific disorders. Indeed, ICT allow to develop learning and teaching process, to increase autonomy, self-esteem, making accessible the school environment to all. for this reason, technologies become a tool to promote inclusion through personalized learning based on the needs and peculiarities of students. The use of educational software and applications allows to move from traditional teaching to innovative approach, anchored to the present and reality in which students are immersed, also ahead of the initiatives organized by the countries following the pandemic Covid -19 which has changed the school environment.
Oggigiorno la tecnologia è diventata parte integrante della vita di ogni persona e questo profondo cambiamento, avvenuto negli ultimi anni, è visibile anche nel contesto scolastico. La scuola è un luogo di apprendimento insito di relazioni ed equilibri complessi, dove bambini e insegnanti collaborano per sviluppare abilità e competenze. È necessario tenere in considerazione i bisogni specifici di ciascun alunno, le potenzialità, i punti di forza e di debolezza per poter pensare ad una didattica inclusiva; la scuola, infatti, ha il compito di mettere in campo e di utilizzare tutti gli strumenti disponibili per facilitare la partecipazione degli studenti, in particolare quelli che hanno difficoltà in alcuni ambiti. Sulla base di tali considerazioni il seguente progetto di ricerca ha lo scopo di approfondire e dimostrare l’importanza dell’utilizzo delle ICT, in particolare i software didattici e le applicazioni, nei Disturbi Specifici dell’Apprendimento. Con questa classificazione ci si riferisce alla dislessia, cioè il disturbo nella lettura, la discalculia, ossia il disturbo nelle abilità di calcolo, la disgrafia e la disortografia che rappresentano disturbi nei processi di scrittura; essi riguardano un dominio specifico di abilità, infatti vengono considerati disturbi del neurosviluppo e vengono trattati nei due principali sistemi nosografici: Il DSM-5 e l’ICD -11. La stretta relazione tra tecnologie e Disturbi Specifici dell’Apprendimento viene affrontata anche nei sistemi di classificazione come l’ICF e negli approcci innovativi come l’Universal Design for Learning. In quest’ottica ci si chiede, quindi, se ed in che modo la tecnologia possa supportare l’apprendimento degli studenti con dislessia, discalculia, disgrafia e disortografia, acquisendo un ruolo di facilitatore nel processo di inclusione scolastica. L’impianto teorico di riferimento che ha accompagnato la ricerca si è basato sui più importanti documenti ufficiali relativi ai DSA e le tecnologie con uno sguardo ai progetti internazionali e ai framework di supporto per l’utilizzo come il modello TPACK di Mishra e Koehler, il modello SETT di Zabala e il modello SAMR di Puentedura. Per guidare il progetto di ricerca è stato utilizzato il PRISMA, acronimo che sta per “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses”, uno strumento di grande rilevanza nell’elaborazione delle revisioni sistematiche. Esso ha permesso di individuare il focus, le domande di ricerca, i criteri di inclusione ed esclusione attraverso anche l’elaborazione di un diagramma di flusso. Ciò ha permesso di rispondere alle domande di ricerca, utilizzando i dati forniti dall’analisi degli articoli, che hanno confermato l’importanza dell’utilizzo delle tecnologie come strumento di supporto per l’apprendimento dei bambini con DSA. Le applicazioni e i software didattici utilizzati nei vari interventi, spiegati negli articoli, hanno permesso di potenziare i processi di lettura, calcolo e scrittura, favorendo un miglioramento nell’acquisizione dei processi di base da parte dei bambini con disturbi specifici. Le ICT, infatti, consentono di migliorare il processo di apprendimento-insegnamento, di sviluppare l’autonomia, di accrescere l’autostima, rendendo l’ambiente scolastico accessibile a tutti. Per questo motivo le tecnologie diventano uno strumento per favorire l’inclusione attraverso una didattica personalizzata sulla base dei bisogni e delle peculiarità degli studenti. L’utilizzo di software didattici e delle applicazioni consente di passare da una didattica tradizionale ad un approccio innovativo, ancorato al presente e alla realtà in cui sono immersi gli studenti di oggi, in vista anche delle iniziative organizzate dai vari Paesi in seguito alla pandemia da Covid-19 che ha cambiato in parte l’ambiente scolastico.
La tecnologia come facilitatore nei Disturbi Specifici dell' Apprendimento: verso una didattica inclusiva e innovativa?
RODELLA, SYLVIE
2023/2024
Abstract
Nowadays technology has become an integral part of every person’s life and this profound change, which has taken place in recent years, is also visible in the school context. School is a place for learning inherent in complex relationships and balace, where children and teachers collaborate to develop skills and competence. It is necessary to consider the specific needs of each student, their potential, strenghts and weaknesses in order to think about inclusive teaching; indeed, the school has the task of implementing and using all available tools to facilitate the partecipation of students, in particular those who have difficulties in some areas. On the basis of these considerations, the following research aims to investigate and demonstrate the importance of the use of ICT, especially educational software and applications, in Specific Learning Disorders. This classification refers to dyslexia, that is the reading disorder, dyscalculia, that is the disorder in calculation skills, dysgraphia and dysorthography which represent disorders in the writing processes; they concern a specific skill domain, indeed they are considered neurodevelopmental disorders and are treated in the two main nosographic system: DSM-5 and ICD-11. The close relationship between technologies and Specific Learning Disorders is addressed in classification systems such as ICF and in innovative approaches such as Universal Design for Learning. In this perspective it is necessary wonder whether and how technology can support the learning of students with dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia and dysorthography, acquiring a role as a facilitator in the process of school inclusion. The theoretical reference framework that accompanied the research was based on the most important documents relating to SpLDs and technologies and on the most famous framework such as TPACK by Mishra and Koehler, SETT by Zabala and SAMR by Puentedura. PRISMA, acronym for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, a tool of great importance in the development of systematic reviews, was used to guide the reserach. It has allowed to identify the focus, the research questions, the inclusion and exclusion criteria by developing of a flowchart and then the most important information was entered in chart. Through this information it was possibile to answer the research questions, using the data provided by the analysis of the articles, which have confirmed the importance of using technologies as a support tool for the learning of children with SpLDs. The applications and educational software used in the interventions, have made it possibile enhance the reading, calculation and writing processes, improving the acquisition of basic processes by children with specific disorders. Indeed, ICT allow to develop learning and teaching process, to increase autonomy, self-esteem, making accessible the school environment to all. for this reason, technologies become a tool to promote inclusion through personalized learning based on the needs and peculiarities of students. The use of educational software and applications allows to move from traditional teaching to innovative approach, anchored to the present and reality in which students are immersed, also ahead of the initiatives organized by the countries following the pandemic Covid -19 which has changed the school environment.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/62833