This study explored the therapeutic potential of green tea extract (GTE) combined with chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging tailored to animal size with the innovative easyPET.3D technology was used to assess the in vivo effect of the tested treatments (chemotherapy protocols with and without GTE) on a non-orthotopic animal model throughout the experimental period. The WiDr cell line was used for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Three chemotherapy protocols were tested: Cyclophosphamide (CFA) + 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Irinotecan (IRI), and the FOLFIRI regimen (5-FU + IRI + Leucovorin). In vitro studies assessed GTE’s impact on cell viability across different concentrations of GTE powder (0.5-5-10 µg/mL) using the MTT assay. In vivo experiments involved ten animals divided into chemotherapy-only and GTE+chemotherapy groups, evaluating various parameters: tumour volume, body weight, and PET imaging with [18F]-FDG as radiotracer. The tumour metabolic activity was quantified using the SUVmean (mean Standard Uptake Value), calculated on manually drawn Regions of Interest (ROIs). In vitro results showed slighted reduced cytotoxicity with GTE as compared to controls, with no statistical differences between the tested GTE powder concentrations. However, GTE did not interfere with drugs’ efficacy, inducing cell death in over 50% of cases. Higher chemotherapy doses were less effective. In vivo, GTE+chemotherapy-treated animals showed longer survival and slower tumour growth, with the CFA + 5-FU (600 mg/m2) protocol showing the poorest outcomes. Preliminary assessment of easyPET.3D spatial resolution indicated clear detection of 2 mm tumour details. Notably, only GTE-treated animals showed increased tumour volume corresponding to decreasing SUVmean, suggesting a reduced tumour metabolic activity. Ongoing histopathological studies may help elucidating the tumour behaviour under these conditions, aiding in explaining the decrease in SUVmean. Future research directions include further in vitro studies on cell cycle dynamics and increased sample sizes for more robust in vivo results. Additionally, improvements to the easyPET.3D system, such as coupling with Computed Tomography (CT) and integrating sensors to monitor heart rate, blood oxygen levels, and body temperature of the animals, could enhance imaging performance and image interpretation. Utilizing automatic segmentation methods to standardize SUV measurements is also suggested. Overall, this study lays the groundwork for exploring the potential therapeutic benefits of combining GTE with conventional chemotherapy. Furthermore, it underscores the capabilities and potential for further development of innovative microPET technology in similar research studies.
Questo studio ha esplorato il potenziale terapeutico dell’estratto di tè verde (GTE) combinato con la chemioterapia contro il cancro del colon-retto (CRC), attraverso esperimenti sia in vitro che in vivo. In particolare, la tomografia ad emissione di positroni (PET), adattata alle dimensioni degli animali con la tecnologia innovativa easyPET.3D, è stata utilizzata, durante il periodo sperimentale, per valutare l’effetto dei trattamenti testati in vivo (protocolli chemioterapici con e senza GTE) su un modello animale non ortotopico. La linea cellulare WiDr è stata scelta sia per gli studi in vitro che in vivo. Tre protocolli di chemioterapia sono stati testati: Ciclofosfamide (CFA) + 5-Fluorouracile (5-FU), Irinotecan (IRI), e il regime FOLFIRI (5-FU + IRI + Leucovorin). Gli studi in vitro hanno valutato l’impatto del GTE sulla vitalità cellulare attraverso diverse concentrazioni di polvere di GTE (0.5-5-10 µg/mL) utilizzando il test MTT. Gli esperimenti in vivo hanno coinvolto dieci animali divisi in due gruppi: sola chemioterapia e GTE + chemioterapia. Sono stati valutati vari parametri: volume del tumore, peso corporeo dell’animale e imaging PET con [18F]-FDG come radiotracciante. L’attività metabolica del tumore è stata quantificata utilizzando il SUVmean (Standard Uptake Value medio), calcolato su Regioni di Interesse (ROIs) segmentate manualmente. I risultati in vitro hanno mostrato un leggero calo della citotossicità con il GTE rispetto al controllo, senza differenze statisticamente significative tra le diverse concentrazioni di polvere di GTE testate. Tuttavia, il GTE non ha interferito con l’efficacia dei farmaci, inducendo la morte cellulare in più del 50% dei casi. Le dosi più elevate di chemioterapia hanno portato i risultati peggiori. In vivo, gli animali trattati con GTE+chemioterapia hanno mostrato una sopravvivenza più lunga e una crescita del tumore più lenta, con il protocollo CFA+5-FU (600 mg/m2) che ha mostrato i risultati più scadenti. Una valutazione preliminare della risoluzione spaziale di easyPET.3D ha indicato una chiara rilevazione di dettagli tumorali di 2 mm. Inaspettatamente, solo gli animali trattati con GTE hanno mostrato un aumento del volume del tumore corrispondente a un SUVmean in diminuzione, suggerendo una ridotta attività metabolica della massa maligna. Studi istopatologici in corso potrebbero aiutare a chiarire il comportamento del tumore in queste condizioni, aiutando a spiegare la diminuzione del SUVmean. Futuri sviluppi di questa ricerca includono ulteriori studi in vitro sulla dinamica del ciclo cellulare e dimensioni di campione maggiori per risultati in vivo più robusti. Inoltre, miglioramenti al sistema easyPET.3D, come l’accoppiamento con la Tomografia Computerizzata (CT) e l’integrazione di sensori per monitorare la frequenza cardiaca, i livelli di ossigeno nel sangue e la temperatura corporea degli animali, potrebbero migliorare le prestazioni dell’imaging e l’interpretazione delle immagini stesse. In ultimo, è suggerito l’utilizzo di metodi automatici di segmentazione dei tumori per standardizzare le misurazioni del SUV. In generale, questo studio pone le fondamenta per esplorare i potenziali benefici terapeutici della combinazione di GTE con agenti chemioterapici convenzionali. Inoltre, sottolinea le capacità e il potenziale innovativo per ulteriori sviluppi della tecnologia microPET in studi di ricerca simili.
Colorectal cancer and green tea extract: evaluation of treatment efficacy using in vitro and in vivo imaging methods
MARIN, BENEDETTA
2023/2024
Abstract
This study explored the therapeutic potential of green tea extract (GTE) combined with chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging tailored to animal size with the innovative easyPET.3D technology was used to assess the in vivo effect of the tested treatments (chemotherapy protocols with and without GTE) on a non-orthotopic animal model throughout the experimental period. The WiDr cell line was used for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Three chemotherapy protocols were tested: Cyclophosphamide (CFA) + 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Irinotecan (IRI), and the FOLFIRI regimen (5-FU + IRI + Leucovorin). In vitro studies assessed GTE’s impact on cell viability across different concentrations of GTE powder (0.5-5-10 µg/mL) using the MTT assay. In vivo experiments involved ten animals divided into chemotherapy-only and GTE+chemotherapy groups, evaluating various parameters: tumour volume, body weight, and PET imaging with [18F]-FDG as radiotracer. The tumour metabolic activity was quantified using the SUVmean (mean Standard Uptake Value), calculated on manually drawn Regions of Interest (ROIs). In vitro results showed slighted reduced cytotoxicity with GTE as compared to controls, with no statistical differences between the tested GTE powder concentrations. However, GTE did not interfere with drugs’ efficacy, inducing cell death in over 50% of cases. Higher chemotherapy doses were less effective. In vivo, GTE+chemotherapy-treated animals showed longer survival and slower tumour growth, with the CFA + 5-FU (600 mg/m2) protocol showing the poorest outcomes. Preliminary assessment of easyPET.3D spatial resolution indicated clear detection of 2 mm tumour details. Notably, only GTE-treated animals showed increased tumour volume corresponding to decreasing SUVmean, suggesting a reduced tumour metabolic activity. Ongoing histopathological studies may help elucidating the tumour behaviour under these conditions, aiding in explaining the decrease in SUVmean. Future research directions include further in vitro studies on cell cycle dynamics and increased sample sizes for more robust in vivo results. Additionally, improvements to the easyPET.3D system, such as coupling with Computed Tomography (CT) and integrating sensors to monitor heart rate, blood oxygen levels, and body temperature of the animals, could enhance imaging performance and image interpretation. Utilizing automatic segmentation methods to standardize SUV measurements is also suggested. Overall, this study lays the groundwork for exploring the potential therapeutic benefits of combining GTE with conventional chemotherapy. Furthermore, it underscores the capabilities and potential for further development of innovative microPET technology in similar research studies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/64552