Background: Haematological diseases are a heterogeneous group of blood neoplasms that expose the patient, both for the specificity of the pathology and for the types of treatments to which he must undergo, to different risks. In particular, infections represent the main complication and the first cause of death in this fragile category of patients. For this reason, the role of the nurse for the management and prevention of infectious risk is crucial. Objective: The main objective of this research is to identify which nursing interventions allow an adequate management of infections in the haematological patient, with particular attention to the need to make the patient protagonist of its therapeutic path, strengthening its capacity for self-prevention compared to infectious risk. Materials and methods: The study involves a review of the articles found in the literature, through a systematic search in the Pubmed and Cinhal databases. The research question was formulated with the PIO method from which specific keywords were derived. Specific inclusion/exclusion criteria have been applied for the review. The screening phases of the articles are schematized with PRISMA diagram. The selected studies were subsequently categorized by type of intervention (preventive, monitoring and educational interventions) to allow, through a synoptic table, a comparison and a narrative synthesis of the results. Results: 23 studies were selected for review that include: 9 reviews, 1 quasi-experimental study, 3 prospective studies, 5 retrospective studies, 2 case-control studies, 3 Journal Article. The population of the selected studies presents heterogeneous characteristics for: type of tumor, study setting and stages of the disease. In general, it emerged that the implementation of nursing interventions for the infectious risk is hampered mainly by the lack of training and therefore of adherence to the behaviors of health care personnel, which affects the outcomes of the patients in terms of self-prevention capacity. In order for an educational programme to be effective, a comprehensive and evidence-based training of health professionals and then of the patient is necessary, correct information to be transmitted and effective communication within the healthcare team and between this and the patient. Conclusions: The studies demonstrate how the nurse plays a key role in all stages of the therapeutic process, from diagnosis to evaluation of clinical outcomes. His interventions must therefore be articulated, not limiting himself to the technical gesture, but enriching himself with relational and educational skills that are increasingly proving to be the focus of the care relationship.
Background: Le malattie ematologiche sono un gruppo eterogeneo di neoplasie del sangue che espongono il paziente, sia per la specificità della patologia che per i tipi di trattamenti ai quali deve sottoporsi, a diversi rischi. In particolare, le infezioni rappresentano la principale complicanza e la prima causa di morte in questa fragile categoria di pazienti. Per questo, diventa determinante il ruolo dell’infermiere per la gestione e la prevenzione del rischio infettivo. Obiettivo: L’obiettivo principale di questa tesi è individuare quali interventi infermieristici permettono una adeguata gestione delle infezioni nel paziente ematologico, con particolare attenzione alla necessità di rendere il soggetto malato protagonista del proprio percorso terapeutico, potenziando le sue capacità di auto-prevenzione rispetto al rischio infettivo. Materiali e metodi: Lo studio prevede una revisione degli articoli trovati in letteratura, attraverso una ricerca sistematica nelle banche dati Pubmed e Cinhal. Il quesito di ricerca è stato formulato con metodo PIO da cui sono poi state ricavate le specifiche parole chiave. Per la revisione sono stati applicati degli specifici criteri di inclusione/esclusione. Le fasi di screenatura degli articoli sono state schematizzate con diagramma PRISMA. Gli studi selezionati sono stati successivamente categorizzati per tipologia di intervento (interventi preventivi, di monitoraggio ed educativi) per consentire, attraverso una tabella sinottica, un confronto e una sintesi narrativa dei risultati. Risultati: Sono stati selezionati 23 studi per la revisione che includono: 9 revisioni, 1 studio quasi sperimentale, 3 studi prospettici, 5 studi retrospettivi, 2 studi caso-controllo, 3 Journal Article. La popolazione oggetto degli studi selezionati presenta caratteristiche eterogenee per: tipologia di tumore, setting di studio e stadi della malattia. In generale, è emerso che l’attuazione degli interventi infermieristici per il rischio infettivo è ostacolata soprattutto dalla mancanza di formazione e quindi di aderenza ai comportamenti da parte del personale sanitario, che si ripercuote sugli esiti degli assistiti in termini di capacità di auto-prevenzione. Affinché un programma educativo sia efficace, risultano essere necessari una formazione completa e basata sulle evidenze scientifiche dei sanitari e quindi poi del paziente, una corretta informazione da trasmettere e una comunicazione efficace all’interno del team sanitario e tra questo e l’assistito. Conclusioni: gli studi dimostrano ancora una volta quanto l’infermiere abbia un ruolo fondamentale in tutte le fasi del processo terapeutico, dalla diagnosi alla valutazione degli esiti clinici. I suoi interventi devono quindi essere articolati, non limitandosi al gesto tecnico, ma arricchendosi di competenze relazionali ed educative che sempre di più si stanno dimostrando essere il fulcro della relazione di cura.
Malattia ematologica e rischio infettivo: una revisione di letteratura sugli interventi infermieristici mirati all'autoprevenzione da parte dell'assistito
BALCON, VERONICA
2022/2023
Abstract
Background: Haematological diseases are a heterogeneous group of blood neoplasms that expose the patient, both for the specificity of the pathology and for the types of treatments to which he must undergo, to different risks. In particular, infections represent the main complication and the first cause of death in this fragile category of patients. For this reason, the role of the nurse for the management and prevention of infectious risk is crucial. Objective: The main objective of this research is to identify which nursing interventions allow an adequate management of infections in the haematological patient, with particular attention to the need to make the patient protagonist of its therapeutic path, strengthening its capacity for self-prevention compared to infectious risk. Materials and methods: The study involves a review of the articles found in the literature, through a systematic search in the Pubmed and Cinhal databases. The research question was formulated with the PIO method from which specific keywords were derived. Specific inclusion/exclusion criteria have been applied for the review. The screening phases of the articles are schematized with PRISMA diagram. The selected studies were subsequently categorized by type of intervention (preventive, monitoring and educational interventions) to allow, through a synoptic table, a comparison and a narrative synthesis of the results. Results: 23 studies were selected for review that include: 9 reviews, 1 quasi-experimental study, 3 prospective studies, 5 retrospective studies, 2 case-control studies, 3 Journal Article. The population of the selected studies presents heterogeneous characteristics for: type of tumor, study setting and stages of the disease. In general, it emerged that the implementation of nursing interventions for the infectious risk is hampered mainly by the lack of training and therefore of adherence to the behaviors of health care personnel, which affects the outcomes of the patients in terms of self-prevention capacity. In order for an educational programme to be effective, a comprehensive and evidence-based training of health professionals and then of the patient is necessary, correct information to be transmitted and effective communication within the healthcare team and between this and the patient. Conclusions: The studies demonstrate how the nurse plays a key role in all stages of the therapeutic process, from diagnosis to evaluation of clinical outcomes. His interventions must therefore be articulated, not limiting himself to the technical gesture, but enriching himself with relational and educational skills that are increasingly proving to be the focus of the care relationship.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Balcon_Veronica.pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
915.87 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
915.87 kB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/65082